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961.
A simple and novel method was developed to successfully synthesize N-succinyl-O-carboxymethylchitosan (NSOCMCS) using N-acylation of chitosan with succinic anhydride. The NSOCMCS structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and
1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The aggregation behaviors of NSOCMCS were studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light
scattering, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The critical aggregation concentration of NSOCMCS in water was determined
to be 0.2–0.3 mg/ml. The apparent hydrodynamic radium of an NSOCMCS aggregate was dependent on the concentration. The aggregates
demonstrated a much swollen association conformation in aqueous solution. The possible aggregation mechanisms for the NSOCMCS
in water are discussed. Moreover, a driving force to form an open aggregation morphology was revealed in this study. Aggregation
behaviors are important physicochemical properties of NSOCMCS, which impact the potential application in the biomedical field. 相似文献
962.
I. K. Battisha A. El Beyally S. Abd El Mongy A. M. Nahrawi 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2007,41(2):129-137
Structural characteristics of pure silica gel (silica-xerogel, SiO2) and silica gel doped with some rare earth elements (REEs) such as, praseodymium Pr3+, and Europium Eu3+, Erbium Er3+ and Holmium Ho3+ ions, with different concentrations ranging from 1 up to 6%, in the form of monolith materials were prepared by sol-gel technique,
Using tetra-ethoxysilane as precursor materials, which are of particular interest for sol-gel integrated optics applications.
Some structural features of sol-gel derived monolith are analyzed, namely the structure of nano-particle momolith samples,
based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). We show that the XRD spectra of α-crystobalite are
obtained for the pure samples at 1100°C and even by doping with the four REEs ions. 相似文献
963.
A concise method to synthesize benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, nornitidine, was developed utilizing nickel- or palladium-catalyzed iminoannulation of an internal alkyne. The advantages of this strategy included readily available starting materials, inexpensive reagents, short reaction steps, and good yields. 相似文献
964.
The performance of single-drop microextraction (SDME), coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, was assessed for the determination of tributyltin compounds in water and solid samples. Experimental parameters impacting the performance of SDME, such as microextraction solvent and sampling and stirring time, were investigated. Analytical results obtained by SDME were compared with those generated by conventional solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the determination of TBT in PACS-2 sediment certified reference material (CRM). 相似文献
965.
本文测定了20°~-60℃Te(Ⅳ)/Te(0)在金电极和HClO_4水溶液中的循环伏安图,证明了在常温下受吸附和扩散控制的还原过程在凝固介质中发生了变化,温度低于介质的凝固点时吸附作用受到抑止,扩散控制成为唯一的还原过程。根据不可逆循环伏安响应和Tafel作图,测定了还原阶的电荷传输系数α和速率常数k_s。碲的低温阳极溶出伏安法不仅能在液态溶液也能在凝固的电解质中进行。 相似文献
966.
967.
Richard A. Bunce Derrick M. Herron Lu Y. Hale 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2003,40(6):1031-1039
A tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction has been applied to the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 1‐acetyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxalines. The nitroketones required for the benzoxazine ring closures were prepared by (A) alkylation of the anion derived from 2‐nitrophenol with an allylic halide or (B) nucleophilic aromatic substitution of an allylic alkoxide on 2‐fluoro‐1‐nitrobenzene followed by ozonolysis. Precursors for the quinoxalines were prepared by alkylation of the anion of 2‐nitroacetanilide with an allylic halide followed by ozonolysis. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitroketones using 5% palladium‐on‐carbon in methanol then gave the target heterocycles by a reduction‐reductive amination sequence. The N‐methyl derivatives for both ring systems were easily prepared by adding 5‐10 equivalents of aqueous formaldehyde prior to the reduction. The dihydrobenzoxazines were isolated in high yield following purification by chromatographic methods; tetrahydroquinoxalines were isolated in a similar manner and possessed differentiated functionality on the two nitrogens. 相似文献
968.
Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectra have been recorded of 11-layer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of stearic acid deposited at various surface pressures (0.1, 15, and 35 mN/m), and the molecular orientation angles were evaluated quantitatively, which supplied insight into the molecular order with the alkyl chains tightly packed like crystal in the LB films deposited at the zero and higher surface pressures. These experimental results indicate that, in the Langmuir film as the precursor of LB films, stearic acid molecules self-aggregate to form two-dimensional crystalline domains already even at the zero surface pressure, which results in the inhomogeneity of monolayer. The analysis of dependence of nu(C=O) intensity on the surface pressure, surface density, and subphase temperature leads to the conclusion that the defects in LB films originate from the Langmuir film and be conserved upon deposition. Annealing below 50 degrees C and cooling could improve the monolayer homogeneity, and thus a defect-free or low-defect LB films can be deposited. Furthermore, ion exchange conducted in the LB films, on the other hand, confirms the existence of structure defects in LB films of stearic acid. The polar plane microstructure, lateral transport along the polar planes and the coordination types of stearic acid/cation system may be the rate-limiting process. The results have implication on the possible uses of stearic acid LB films as ion-exchange materials or sensors. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
969.
970.
There have been remarkable progresses in manipulating heterogeneous catalysts' nanostructures in the past decade. The concept of single atom alloy (SAA) was firstly proposed in 2012 when researchers successfully stabilized single Pd atoms on the Cu(111) surface. However, earlier work in 2009, which focused on replacing one Au atom with a Pd atom in thiolate protected Au25 nanoclusters, could also be considered as the pioneer work of single atom alloy. Both kinds of single atom alloys exhibited the potential of maximum utilization of scarce elements and attractive catalytic performances. The well‐defined structures of SAA catalysts make accurate modeling possible, which further realizes the rational design of single atom alloy catalysts. In this review, we summarize the research trajectory of single atom alloys as well as recent achievements in this field. We also introduce several commonly adopted characterization methods for SAA catalysts such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), temperature programmed reaction (TPR), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrum (MALDI‐MS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Through discussing recent progresses in SAA catalysts, we propose that future researches in this filed should be focused on exploring new kinds of metal nanocrystals and controlling the nanostructure of SAA even more precisely. 相似文献