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21.
Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Lanthanide ions possess fascinating optical properties and their discovery, first industrial uses and present high technological applications are largely governed by their interaction with light. Lighting devices (economical luminescent lamps, light emitting diodes), television and computer displays, optical fibres, optical amplifiers, lasers, as well as responsive luminescent stains for biomedical analysis, medical diagnosis, and cell imaging rely heavily on lanthanide ions. This critical review has been tailored for a broad audience of chemists, biochemists and materials scientists; the basics of lanthanide photophysics are highlighted together with the synthetic strategies used to insert these ions into mono- and polymetallic molecular edifices. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials, including liquid crystals, and in the control of luminescent properties in polymetallic assemblies are also presented. (210 references.). 相似文献
22.
A reaction presented as a photosensitized reduction of carbon dioxide is in fact a photooxidation of the aromatic sensitizers. 相似文献
23.
Simple calculations can help to predict which derivatives in a series of organic compounds are potential lasing material. In conjugated systems, a necessary condition for lasing is that there is not less than a specific minimum energy difference between a first excited allowed and a second excited forbidden transition. This order of transition and energy spacing can be obtained by judicious substitutions even in molecules that do not meet these conditions. Lasing action in the near UV has been observed in five new compounds. 相似文献
24.
Treatment of indolines and N-acylindoles with HF/SbF5/CCl4 yields 6-trifluoro derivatives (indole numbering) whereas indoles and oxindoles give the 5-trifluoro derivatives in good yield. 相似文献
25.
26.
Jean-Claude Yakoubsohn 《Numerical Algorithms》1995,9(2):223-244
We give a new theorem concerning the convergence of Newton's method to compute an approximate zero of a system of equations. In this result, the constanth
0=0.162434... appears, which plays a fundamental role in the localization of good initial points for the Newton iteration. We apply it to the determination of an appropriate discretization of the time interval in the classical homotopy method. 相似文献
27.
Jean-Claude Yakoubsohn 《Numerical Algorithms》1994,6(1):63-88
We give a practical version of the exclusion algorithm for localizing the zeros of an analytic function and in particular of a polynomial in a compact of . We extend the real exclusion algorithm to a Jordan curve and give a method which excludes discs without any zero. The result of this algorithm is a set of discs arbitrarily small which contains the zeros of the analytic function. 相似文献
28.
Feng Ji Paul W. Percival Jean-Claude Brodovitch Brenda Addison-Jones Stanislaw Wlodek 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,87(1):853-858
Muonium adds to allyl chloride, CH2=CHCH2Cl, to form two radicals: MuCH2CHCH2Cl (main product) and CH2CHMuCH2Cl (minor product). Both radicals were fully characterized bySR andLCR. In the main product, the LCR lines due to the35Cl and37Cl nuclei were observed. Also, the temperature dependence of various hyperfine coupling constants (hfc) indicates that both Mu and Cl eclipse the unpaired electronp
2-orbital in the minimum energy conformation. For the fragment-CH2Cl, the presence of Mu in the-position is found to affect significantly the hfc of Cl in the-position; an internal rotational barrier of 12 kJ mol–1 was estimated using a simpleV
2 torsional potential. 相似文献
29.
Martina Schwager Emil Roduner Ivan D. Reid Paul W. Percival Jean-Claude Brodovitch Stanislaw Wlodek Robert F. Marzke 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,87(1):859-864
SR spectra of the ethyl radical adsorbed on porous silica were observed in transverse and in longitudinal magnetic fields in the temperature range 190–298 K. The line widths reflect the dynamic partial averaging of the hyperfine anisotropy due to reorientation and surface diffusion. 相似文献
30.
Based on the similarity in properties of arsenate and phosphate, the colorimetric method using the molybdene blue complex was tested in order to determine low As(V) concentration in waters. The influence of complex formation time, daylight, temperature and competitive anions (silicate and sulphate) upon complex formation was determined. Optimal complex formation was reached in 1 h at 20±1 °C and was slightly favoured when developed in daylight. The formation rate declined with decreasing reaction temperature and no influence of any of the competitive anions tested (at concentrations usually found in natural waters of granitic areas) was noted. The detection limit of this method was 20 μg As(V) l−1. This simple, fast and sensitive arsenic determination method is suitable for field analysis, especially for waters containing low levels of phosphate and organic matter. Through arsenate determination, this colorimetric method allowed the arsenite oxidation efficiency of five common industrial oxidants to be compared. H2O2 and MnO2(s) were not considered as effective oxidants as a high excess was necessary to ensure As(III) oxidation. NaOCl and KMnO4 were promising oxidants as they allowed complete arsenite oxidation with a small excess for NaOCl or even less than the electron stoichiometric ratio in the case of KMnO4. FeCl3 was the most effective oxidant among the reagents tested here. 相似文献