全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1361篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 658篇 |
晶体学 | 16篇 |
力学 | 25篇 |
数学 | 206篇 |
物理学 | 501篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 132篇 |
2012年 | 38篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 25篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 15篇 |
1970年 | 14篇 |
1969年 | 18篇 |
1968年 | 12篇 |
1966年 | 24篇 |
1965年 | 14篇 |
1961年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有1406条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Marian Čerňanský Přemysl Vaněk Karel Král Radmila Krupková 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2002,133(6):799-806
Summary. In this investigation the crystallization of PbTiO3 upon annealing of pure nanopowders and PbTiO3–SiO2 (1:1 v/v) nanocomposite powders prepared by the sol-gel technique was studied. Using X-ray diffraction phase analysis, the
start of PbTiO3 crystallization in pure PbTiO3 powders was detected at 400°C. Distinct crystallization of PbTiO3 in PbTiO3–SiO2 nanocomposites starts at 700°C, whereas SiO2 remains amorphous. There are indications that an interface interaction between the PbTiO3 and the SiO2 phase plays an important role in hindering the crystallization of PbTiO3. The particle size (size of coherently scattering regions) was estimated from the broadening of the X-ray diffraction line
profiles. The average size of PbTiO3 nanocrystallites increases with temperature and time of annealing, the influence of temperature being more significant than
that of the annealing time. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the results of the X-ray diffraction with respect
to the start of the crystallization. Laser beam scattering and scanning electron microscopy provided the statistical distribution
of the grain size and the morphology of the powder grains, showing that each grain of the powders contains several nanocrystallites
(coherently scattering regions).
Received October 4, 2001. Accepted (revised) December 14, 2001 相似文献
62.
Summary This paper presents a continuation of our research dedicated to solid-adsorbent surface modification with what are commonly regarded as volatile and easily eluted organic compounds. Two porous adsorbents were used: natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and alumina, while the adsorbates employed were n-hepatane and benzene. The results show that a simple injection of volatile adsorbate greatly alters the solid surface adsorption properties. The consequences of volatile modifier application are discussed on the grounds of adsorption isotherms determined at 313K. Possible implications to the tailor made adsorbents are outlined as well.Part I, J. Chromatogr.442, 105 (1988) 相似文献
63.
J. Kuruc A. Petrů R. Čech P. Rajec 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,208(1):351-368
It was found that the main ionogenic radiolytical degradation products of tributylphosphate were monobutylphosphate dibutylphosphate, phosphoric acid, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids as the result of gamma-irradiation of two-phase water-tributylphosphate system. In the case of irradiation of two-phase water-di(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid system, the main radiolytic degradation products are 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid. All products were determined using isotachophoresis. According two-phase theory the total and partial radiation yields of products were calculated from the results.Dedicated to 65th birthday of prof. L. T. Bugaenko 相似文献
64.
A general approximate analytic theory of the multijunction grill is developed. Omitting the evanescent modes in the subsidiary waveguides both at the junction and at the grill mouth and neglecting multiple wave reflection between the same places we derive simple formulae for the reflection coefficient, the amplitudes of the incident and reflected waves and the spectral power density. All these quantities are expressed through the basic grill parameters (the electric length of the structure and the phase shift between adjacent waveguides) and two sets of the reflection coefficients describing wave reflections in the subsidiary waveguides at the junction and at the mouth. The approximate expressions for these coefficients are also given. The results are compared with numerical solution of two specific examples and they prove to be useful for the optimization and design of the multijunction grills. For the JET structure, which is composed of multijunction sections, it is shown that, in the case of the dense plasma, many results can be obtained from the simple formulae for two-waveguide multijunction grill.A part of this work was done at the stay of the second author in the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna and he wishes to thank that Institution for hospitality. 相似文献
65.
Ondřej Linhart Alžběta Kolorosová-Mrázová Jan Kratzer Jakub Hraníček Václav Červený 《Analytical letters》2019,52(4):613-632
An ultraviolet-photochemical generator (UV-PVG) capable of post-column on-line transformation of both organic and inorganic mercury species to cold vapor (Hg0) with subsequent detection by quartz tube-atomic absorption spectrometry (QT-AAS) was developed. Mercury(II), methylmercury(I), ethylmercury(I), and phenylmercury(I) were successfully detected after separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two types of AAS detectors were compared. The first was a commonly used line-source instrument while the second was a high-resolution continuum source (HR-CS) AAS. The latter provided better limits of detection: 0.47?µg?L?1 for Hg(II), 0.84?µg?L?1 for methylmercury(I), 0.80?µg?L?1 for ethylmercury(I), and 2.0?µg?L?1 for phenylmercury(I). The repeatability at 30?μg?L?1 was 3.6%, 4.1%, 6.2%, and 4.5% for these species (n?=?10). These figures of merit were comparable with those reported for more sensitive atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Nine sample extraction procedures were investigated. Extraction by tetramethylammonium hydroxide and HCl at 75?°C was selected as the only method compatible with the proposed separation and detection steps providing high extraction efficiency and no changes in mercury speciation. The applicability of the proposed high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet-photochemical vapor generation–quartz tube-atomic absorption spectrometry method was demonstrated using fish samples and certified reference materials (CRM) DOLT-4 (dogfish liver) and ERM-CE464 (tuna fish). The results were comparable to those obtained by a reference method based on L-cysteine extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS) determination. 相似文献
66.
A new approach to the evaluation of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) constants is presented. The SOI constants ξp and ξd of 4p and 3d electrons have been evaluated by employing the available atomic spectral data for the first transition row atoms and ions possessing the electron configuration K(2)L(8)3s23p63dα4sβ4pγ. 相似文献
67.
J. Říkovská A. Machová W. D. Hamilton J. Dupák Chan Chen Mo M. Finger N. A. Lebedev B. S. Neganov V. N. Pavlov A. F. Shchus 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1979,29(6):620-639
The anisotropy of the angular distribution of gamma-rays from the decay of156Tb, oriented in a gadolinium matrix at low temperatures, has been measured at the angles of 0 and π/2 with respect to the applied magnetic field direction in the range of temperatures from 14·6 to 68·4 mK. The temperature dependence of anisotropy was measured for the first time. The parameters of hyperfine magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole splittings have been determined and the values of the magnetic dipole moment ¦Μ156¦=(9·6±1·3)×10?27 J/T and the electric quadrupole momentQ 156=(2·9±0·9)×10?28 m2 of the156Tb ground state have been calculated. Multipole mixing ratios andB(E2) branching ratios of many gamma-ray transitions occurring in156Gd have been found and the results have been discussed in terms of the rotational-vibration and pairing-plus-quadrupole models. 相似文献
68.
We propose a model for the production of extra (additional) lepton pairs in deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering, e+e– annihilation and large pT processes. Extra lepton pairs are supposed to be originated by annihilations of quarks and antiquarks created during the space-time evolution of quark initiated jets. This mechanism yields predominantly dileptons with rather low masses. Predictions following from the model are compared with the recent data on trimuon production in neutrino-nucleon interactions. It is also suggested that internal hard processes can lead to dileptons with both small and large masses. The latter mechanism has rather small cross section but it is particularly interesting from the point of view of the simple quark-parton model.Dedicated to Academician Václav Votruba on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. 相似文献
69.
70.
In this paper, we demonstrate how to apply recently discovered ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystal for visualisation of magnetic fields. The material exhibits strong optical response to both external electric and magnetic fields, which gives us an opportunity to use it for the detection of an area of magnetic vector field in a way that both, the magnitude and the direction of a given field can be simultaneously measured. We discuss the physical model that describes the behaviour of ferromagnetic liquid crystal placed in a liquid crystal cell and demonstrate the method of extracting the information about an arbitrary magnetic field from the combination of magneto-optic and electro-optic response of the sample placed in that field. We have applied the principle to a special case, where magnetic field was visualised on a 2D area near a cylindrical permanent magnet. 相似文献