聚光光伏系统散热研究进展

对聚光光伏系统的发展过程进行了回顾.根据电池和聚光系统分类介绍了相匹配的散热冷却方式.电池组合方式简单、聚光倍数低的系统,使用传统风冷、水冷的被动散热即可满足要求;电池组合方式复杂、聚光倍数高的系统,常利用液浸冷却、射流冲击、通道冷却或多方法组合的新型冷却方式.指出在控制成本的前提下,选择系统可靠性高、结构简单的换热方...     

《化学原理》简介

“十五”国家级规划教材《化学原理》(上、下册),历经数年的教学实践和修改,最近由高等教育出版社出版发行。这本教材凝聚着数位作者多年的教学经验和体会,同时根据近些年来基础化学课程体系的改革,在教学内容和教学方法等方面做了较大的调整和创新。几十年来,我国化学基础课(包括实验)体系是“四大化学”,即无机化学、分析化学、有机化学和物理化学。该体系中4门基础课分别依托19世纪末形成的4个二级学科。由于科学的发展和交叉,更由于本科教学思想的改变,该体系有许多可以改进之处。自1996年,南京大学、复旦大学、浙江大学、苏州大学等19…     

酶催化原子转移自由基聚合

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)是制备分子量以及分散度可控聚合物的重要途径。然而,受制于除氧步骤复杂、金属催化剂残留以及单体适用范围有限等因素,ATRP难以应用于批量制备功能化聚合物/共聚物材料,限制了其进一步应用。近年来提出和发展的酶催化聚合,为高效便捷除氧、拓展单体适用范围以及制备具有特殊(纳米)结构的纯净聚合物/共聚物提供了新思路。本文详细介绍了酶的结构与催化机理,以酶的种类进行分类,系统总结了具有不同结构的酶催化体系(包括过氧化辣根酶、血红蛋白、血红素、漆酶等)的催化机理、适用单体、优缺点及应用等;综述了酶以及酶模拟物催化ATRP体系的发展现状;最后,对酶催化ATRP的发展前景和挑战进行了探讨和展望。     

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched α-deuterated pyrrolidine derivatives

The recent promising applications of deuterium-labeled pharmaceutical compounds have led to an urgent need for the efficient synthetic methodologies that site-specifically incorporate a deuterium atom into bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, precisely building a deuterium-containing stereogenic center, which meets the requirement for optimizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties of chiral drug candidates, remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, a catalytic asymmetric strategy combining H/D exchange (H/D-Ex) and azomethine ylide-involved 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) was developed for the construction of biologically important enantioenriched α-deuterated pyrrolidine derivatives in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities and uniformly high levels of deuterium incorporation. Directly converting glycine-derived aldimine esters into the deuterated counterparts with D₂O via Cu(i)-catalyzed H/D-Ex, and the subsequent thermodynamically/kinetically favored cleavage of the α-C–H bond rather than the α-C–D bond to generate the key N-metallated α-deuterated azomethine ylide species for the ensuing 1,3-DC are crucial to the success of α-deuterated chiral pyrrolidine synthesis. The current protocol exhibits remarkable features, such as readily available substrates, inexpensive and safe deuterium source, mild reaction conditions, and easy manipulation. Notably, the synthetic utility of a reversed 1,3-DC/[H/D-Ex] protocol has been demonstrated by catalytic asymmetric synthesis of deuterium-labelled MDM2 antagonist idasanutlin (RG7388) with high deuterium incorporation.

A strategy of combining H/D-Ex and azomethine ylide-involved 1,3-DC was developed for the construction of α-deuterated pyrrolidine derivatives in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities and uniformly high levels of deuterium incorporation.     

Protecting group free glycosylation: one-pot stereocontrolled access to 1,2-trans glycosides and (1→6)-linked disaccharides of 2-acetamido sugars

Unprotected 2-acetamido sugars may be directly converted into their oxazolines using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC), and a suitable base, in aqueous solution. Freeze drying and acid catalysed reaction with an alcohol as solvent produces the corresponding 1,2-trans-glycosides in good yield. Alternatively, dissolution in an aprotic solvent system and acidic activation in the presence of an excess of an unprotected glycoside as a glycosyl acceptor, results in the stereoselective formation of the corresponding 1,2-trans linked disaccharides without any protecting group manipulations. Reactions using aryl glycosides as acceptors are completely regioselective, producing only the (1→6)-linked disaccharides.

Un-protected 2-acetamido sugars are stereoselectively converted into 1,2-trans glycosides and (1→6)-linked disaccharides without any protecting groups. Reaction proceeds via intermediate oxazolines which react with acceptors under acid catalysis.     

The synergistic catalysis on Co nanoparticles and CoN_x sites of aniline-modified ZIF derived Co@NCs for oxidative esterification of HMF

An efficient sustainable and scalable strategy for the synthesis of porous cobalt/nitrogen co-doped carbons(Co@NCs) via pyrolysis of aniline-modified ZIFs,has been demonstrated.Aniline can coordinate and absorb on the surface of ZIF(ZIF-CoZn3-PhA),accelerate the precipitation of ZIFs,thus resulting in smaller ZIF particle size.Meanwhile,the aniline on the surface of ZIF-CoZn3-PhA promotes the formation of the protective carbon shell and smaller Co nanoparticles,and increases nitrogen content of the catalyst.Because of these prope rties of Co@NC-PhA-3,the oxidative esterification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be carried out under ambient conditions.According to our experimental and computational results,a synergistic catalytic effect between CoN_x sites and Co nanoparticles has been established,in which both Co nanoparticles and CoN_x can activate O_2 while Co nanoparticles bind and oxidize HMF.Moreover,the formation and release of active oxygen species in CoN_x sites are reinfo rced by the electronic interaction between Co nanoparticles and CoN_x.     

噻唑类杀菌剂的合成及生物活性研究进展

噻唑类化合物具有较好的抗真菌,抗细菌及抗微生物活性,在新农药和医药中得到广泛地应用。简要介绍了国内外近年来噻唑类杀菌剂的合成及生物活性研究进展。参考文献38篇。     

Al掺杂对尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构及循环性能的影响

用柠檬酸作为螯和物的载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了A l3 掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料L iA lxMn2-xO4。XRD,SEM研究表明,于800℃煅烧可获得单一尖晶石结构的物相;随着A l3 掺入量的增加,L iA lxMn2-xO4的晶格常数变小,晶格更趋于完整,有利于抑制因锂的反复脱嵌而造成的结构破坏。x=0.05时,首次放电容量为103.8 mAh.g-1,25次循环后放电容量还有100.6 mAh.g-1,容量衰减仅为3.08%。     

球幕投影光学系统的设计与研究

设计了一种飞行训练使用的球幕投影仪光学系统.系统焦距为5.5mm, 相对孔径为1/4,全视场角175°,光谱范围为可见光波段,采用了3组10片的反远距型结构.与普通投影系统不同之处在于,该系统在保证大视场的前提下有效地减小了场曲对像质的影响.给出了球幕结构对场曲影响的定量分析以及较为方便的屏幕半径选择方法.因全部采用国产玻璃而同时满足了国产化的要求.     

超短脉冲激光光束在一维反射型体全息光栅中的衍射

基于Kogelnik的耦合波理论,研究了在色散效应的影响下,超短脉冲激光光束在反射型体全息光栅中衍射的性质.研究给出了衍射光及透射光在频谱域及时间域的振幅及强度分布、光栅的光谱宽度及衍射效率随光栅参量及入射条件的变化.数值研究的结果表明,在光栅记录介质色散效应的影响下,衍射光束的光谱宽度减小,脉冲展宽,衍射效率降低.通过适当的选取光栅参量及入射条件,可以控制衍射和透射光束的频谱和时间强度分布,得到满意的衍射和透射光束的带宽和波形,从而可以将其应用于脉冲整形等技术中.