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951.
952.
Boxman R.L. Goldsmith S. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1989,17(5):661-665
A model is formulated and evaluated for a Uniform electrical discharge sustained in vapor evaporated from an arc-heated anode. The plasma potential is positive with respect to both the cathode and anode. For a Cu anode, the anodic vapor dominates the plasma for current densities exceeding 8 kA/m2. The anode heating potential is approximately 6.5 V, and the dominant cooling mechanism is evaporation for current densities exceeding 20 kA/m2. Over the range 10 to 10000 kA/m2, the electron density increases from 8×1017 to 5×1023 m-3, while the ionization fraction rises from 0.3% to 4%. At the lower end of this current range the electrical resistivity of 4 mΩ-m is determined primarily by electron-neutral collisions, while with increasing current the resistivity decreases to 0.7 mΩ-m, with electron-ion collisions contributing an equal share. This hot-anode vacuum arc may have potential for industrial application as a macroparticle-free high-deposition-rate coating source 相似文献
953.
J. Globevnik 《Inventiones Mathematicae》1989,98(2):331-350
Dedicated to the memory of my father 相似文献
954.
How can the basic compatibility of theory and observations be investigated for nonlinear processes without requiring stochastic characterizations for residual error terms? The present paper proposes a flexible least-cost approach. For each possible estimatex for the sequence of process states, letc D (x) andx M(x) denote the costs incurred for deviations away from the prior dynamic specifications and prior measurement specifications, respectively. Define the cost-efficiency frontier to be the greatest lower bound for the set of all possible cost pairs [c D (x),c M(x)], conditional on the given observations. State sequence estimatesx that attain the cost-efficiency frontier indicate the possible ways that the actual process could have developed over time in a manner minimally incompatible with the prior dynamic and measurement specifications. An algorithm is developed for the exact sequential updating of the cost-efficient state sequence estimates as the duration of the process increases and additional observations are obtained. 相似文献
955.
J. Kogan 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1989,63(2):225-260
In this paper, we study intersections of extremals in a linear-quadratic Bolza problem of optimal control. The structure of the inter-sections is described. We show that this structure implies the semipositive definiteness of the quadratic cost functional. In addition, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of minimizers. 相似文献
956.
W. Potzel J. Moser Ulrike Potzel F. J. Litterst G. M. Kalvius J. Gal M. Boge J. Chappert J. Spirlet 《Hyperfine Interactions》1987,34(1-4):391-405
Due to the wider radial extent of 5f electrons when compared to their 4f counterparts, intermetallics of the light actinides show a broad spectrum of magnetic properties ranging from the localized magnetism of the lanthanides to the itinerant magnetism often found in transition metal compounds. One parameter which strongly influences the magnetic character of the compound is the actinide-actinide separation which can experimentally be varied by the application of high pressure. The question of 5f electron delocalization will be reviewed with respect to Moesshauer high pressure data on NpCo2si2, NpAl2, NpOs2 and new results will be presented of NpAs. The connection of hyperfine parameters with results of X-ray diffraction studies will be discussed.Work supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Federal Republic of Germany 相似文献
957.
T. Riesterer J. G. Bednorz K. A. Müller B. Reihl 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1987,44(1):81-82
We have measured ultraviolet and inverse-photoemission spectra of the novel superconductor Sr02La1.8CuO4. Our results compare favorably with recent band-structure calculations for La2CuO4.A full account of this work will be published elsewhere [1] 相似文献
958.
We study dynamic self-reconfiguration of modular metamorphic systems. We guarantee the feasibility of motion planning in a
rectangular model consisting of square modules that are allowed to slide along or rotate about one another. That is, we show
that any two connected configurations of the same number of modules can be transformed into each other by a sequence of moves
so that all intermediate configurations are connected. This settles a conjecture formulated in [6]. 相似文献
959.
Dimensional analysis is presented as a powerful tool in the study of the paste boriding process. In particular, a dimensional method is used to study the growth kinetics of the boride layers FeB and Fe2B. Experiments were performed in AISI 1045 steel and AISI M2 steel, to test the suggested model. Samples of 1045 steel were prepared and treated using boron paste thickness of 3-5 mm, at temperatures of 1193, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4 and 6 h of treatment time. The M2 specimens had boron paste thickness of 3 and 4 mm and temperatures of 1223, 1253 and 1273 K for 2 and 6 h. Results indicate that the growth of boron layers obeys power laws of the form y = αxβ, where α and β constants are a function of the material and the interface of interest. Validation of the model was carried out using experimental data with an average error percentage of 7.6% for Fe2B in 1045 steel, 15.8% for FeB and 3.4% for Fe2B in M2 steel. 相似文献
960.
Corrosion-related defects of pure iron were investigated by measuring Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) of positron annihilation and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL). Defect profiles of the S-parameter from DBES as a function of positron incident energy up to 30 keV (i.e. ∼1 μm depth) were analyzed. The DBES data show that S-parameter increases as a function of positron incident energy (mean depth) after corrosion, and the increase in the S-parameter is larger near the surface than in the bulk due to corrosion. Furthermore, information on defect size from PAL data as a function of positron incident energy up to 10 keV (i.e. ∼0.2 μm depth) was analyzed. In the two-state trapping model, the lifetime τ2 = 500 ps is ascribed to annihilation of positrons in voids with a size of the order of nanometer. τ1, which decreases with depth from the surface to the bulk, is ascribed to the annihilation of positrons in dislocations and three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The corroded samples show a significant increase in τ1 and the intensity I2, and near the surface the corroded iron introduces both voids and large-size three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The size of vacancy clusters decreases with depth. 相似文献