Dielectric behavior of hexaferrites BaCo2−xZnxFe16O27

The dielectric constant (′) and dielectric loss (tan δ) for hexaferrites BaCo_2−xZn_xFe₁₆O₂₇ have been studied as a function of frequency (f), temperature (T) and composition (x). The experimental results indicate that ′ and tan δ above the relaxation frequency only decrease as the frequency increases and as the temperature decreases. Tan δ shows the dielectric relaxation at certain critical frequencies which rise as temperature increases. The activation energy for the dielectric relaxation (E_D), ′, and tan δ are found to be minimum for x = 0.8.     

The multipliers‐free domain decomposition methods

This article concludes the development and summarizes a new approach to dual‐primal domain decomposition methods (DDM), generally referred to as “the multipliers‐free dual‐primal method.” Contrary to standard approaches, these new dual‐primal methods are formulated without recourse to Lagrange‐multipliers. In this manner, simple and unified matrix‐expressions, which include the most important dual‐primal methods that exist at present are obtained, which can be effectively applied to floating subdomains, as well. The derivation of such general matrix‐formulas is independent of the partial differential equations that originate them and of the number of dimensions of the problem. This yields robust and easy‐to‐construct computer codes. In particular, 2D codes can be easily transformed into 3D codes. The systematic use of the average and jump matrices, which are introduced in this approach as generalizations of the “average” and “jump” of a function, can be effectively applied not only at internal‐boundary‐nodes but also at edges and corners. Their use yields significant advantages because of their superior algebraic and computational properties. Furthermore, it is shown that some well‐known difficulties that occur when primal nodes are introduced are efficiently handled by the multipliers‐free dual‐primal method. The concept of the Steklov–Poincaré operator for matrices is revised by our theory and a new version of it, which has clear advantages over standard definitions, is given. Extensive numerical experiments that confirm the efficiency of the multipliers‐free dual‐primal methods are also reported here. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

Orientation effects on nitric acid dihydrate films

An investigation of orientation effects in films of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) is presented, based on a systematic study of transmission and reflection-absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of samples of varying thickness. The samples are prepared by vapor deposition on Ge (for transmission spectroscopy) and on Al substrates (for RAIR spectroscopy) at 175 K to produce crystalline alpha-NAD films. Transmission spectra were recorded at normal incidence, and RAIR spectra were recorded at a grazing angle of 75 degrees, with polarized radiation. The observed spectra are compared with predictions of a classical Fresnel model, to test the available optical indices of NAD, which are of great importance for the accurate interpretation of data from remote sensing measurements. Whereas the procedure yields satisfactory results for transmission and s-polarized RAIR spectra, it is found that the agreement is not acceptable for p-polarized RAIR spectra. An explanation is suggested in terms of a preferential alignment of the films, with the (10-1) crystallographic plane of the crystal situated parallel to the substrate. The infrared activity of a band at approximately 1170 cm(-1) is explained in terms of a preferential orientation of the crystal domains in the film.     

Coloring, location and domination of corona graphs

A vertex coloring of a graph G is an assignment of colors to the vertices of G so that every two adjacent vertices of G have different colors. A coloring related property of a graphs is also an assignment of colors or labels to the vertices of a graph, in which the process of labeling is done according to an extra condition. A set S of vertices of a graph G is a dominating set in G if every vertex outside of S is adjacent to at least one vertex belonging to S. A domination parameter of G is related to those structures of a graph that satisfy some domination property together with other conditions on the vertices of G. In this article we study several mathematical properties related to coloring, domination and location of corona graphs. We investigate the distance-k colorings of corona graphs. Particularly, we obtain tight bounds for the distance-2 chromatic number and distance-3 chromatic number of corona graphs, through some relationships between the distance-k chromatic number of corona graphs and the distance-k chromatic number of its factors. Moreover, we give the exact value of the distance-k chromatic number of the corona of a path and an arbitrary graph. On the other hand, we obtain bounds for the Roman dominating number and the locating–domination number of corona graphs. We give closed formulaes for the k-domination number, the distance-k domination number, the independence domination number, the domatic number and the idomatic number of corona graphs.     

A polyhedral study of the semi-continuous knapsack problem

We study the convex hull of the feasible set of the semi-continuous knapsack problem, in which the variables belong to the union of two intervals. Such structure arises in a wide variety of important problems, e.g. blending and portfolio selection. We show how strong inequalities valid for the semi-continuous knapsack polyhedron can be derived and used in a branch-and-cut scheme for problems with semi-continuous variables. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these inequalities, which we call collectively semi-continuous cuts, we present computational results on real instances of the unit commitment problem, as well as on a number of randomly generated instances of linear programming with semi-continuous variables.     

Leptoquark effects on ν τ propagation in the Earth

The proposal of pilgrim dark energy is based on the idea that phantom dark energy possesses enough resistive force to preclude black hole formation. We work on this proposal by choosing an interacting framework with cold dark matter and three cutoffs such as Hubble as well as event horizon and conformal age of the universe. We present a graphical analysis and focus our study on the pilgrim dark energy as well as interacting parameters. It is found that these parameters play an effective role on the equation of state parameter for exploring the phantom region of the universe. We also make the analysis of ω–ω′ and point out freezing region in the ω–ω′ plane. Finally, it turns out that the ΛCDM is achieved in the statefinders plane for all models.     

An [FeIII34] Molecular Metal Oxide

The dissolution of anhydrous iron bromide in a mixture of pyridine and acetonitrile, in the presence of an organic amine, results in the formation of an [Fe₃₄] metal oxide molecule, structurally characterised by alternate layers of tetrahedral and octahedral Fe^III ions connected by oxide and hydroxide ions. The outer shell of the complex is capped by a combination of pyridine molecules and bromide ions. Magnetic data, measured at temperatures as low as 0.4 K and fields up to 35 T, reveal competing antiferromagnetic exchange interactions; DFT calculations showing that the magnitudes of the coupling constants are highly dependent on both the Fe‐O‐Fe angles and Fe?O distances. The simplicity of the synthetic methodology, and the structural similarity between [Fe₃₄], bulk iron oxides, previous Fe^III–oxo cages, and polyoxometalates (POMs), hints that much larger molecular Fe^III oxides can be made.     

Effects of two-phase nanofluid model on MHD mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity in the presence of conductive inner block and corner heater

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This paper investigates a steady mixed convection in a lid-driven square cavity subjected to an inclined magnetic field and heated by corner heater...