Splitting rules of electronic miniband in Fibonacci superlattices: a gap map approach

The splitting rules of fragmental miniband in Fibonacci superlattices (FSLs) with arbitrary basis and generation orders are presented through a gap map diagram. Based on the gap map, we find the invariant conditions of the band structure splitting in the FSL for arbitrary generation orders. Moreover, the band structure splitting can be divided to form many regions, each having a similar pattern. In each region, the widths of most gap bands except two major gaps will decrease for increasing the generation order. It is interesting that the center and gap width of the major gaps will converge to constant values for increasing the generation order of the FSL. Based on the splitting rules displayed in the gap map, it is convenient to predict the fragmental band structure in the FSL for arbitrary generation orders and bases.     

Determination of the Critical Micelle Concentration of Cationic Surfactants by Capillary Electrophoresis

The determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of cationic surfactants by capillary electrophoresis was demonstrated. In this study, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DoTAB) were selected as cationic surfactants and propazine was chosen as test solute. In the evolution of the effective electrophoretic mobility of propazine as a function of surfactant concentration, a dramatic change in slope at a particular concentration is a good indication of the CMC of this surfactant. The CMC values determined experimentally were further confirmed by a curve-fitting approach. Simulation of the electrophoretic mobility curves as a function of surfactant concentration in both micellar electrokinetic chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis using cationic surfactants as an electrolyte modifier was performed for propazine, and the intersection of these two mobility curves allowed us to precisely predict the CMC of the surfactant. The CMC values determined for TTAB and DoTAB are 1.6 ± 0.1 and 11.0 ± 0.1 mM, respectively, in the case of an electrolytic solution consisting of 70 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0. Moreover, the applicability of the electroosmotic mobility as a parameter for the determination of the CMC was examined.     

阻尼介质中简支圆板在大挠度时的塑性动力响应

本文从理论上分析了受矩形脉冲荷载作用的阻尼介质中简支理想刚塑性圆板在大挠度时的塑性动力响应.文中给出了在中载和高载情况下各相的解析解.     

Normal perforation of a thin infinite plate by a flat-headed cylindrical projectile

Analytical formulae for calculating the stress acting on the contact surface between projectile and target and for calculating the moving velocity of this contact surface under impact are both suggested in this paper. These formulae can be thought of as a generalization of the well-known Hopkins and Kolsky’s theory in plastic domain. And then, an analytical formula for calculating ballistic limit is also suggested. It is also proved in this paper that the shear stress acting on the cylindrical surface of the plug is distributed uniformly.     

Investigation of wavefront reconstruction by a two-lens system

A two-lens system was used to obtain wavefront reconstruction (WFR) by stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering with the beam focus varied over a large range of distances. A fixed scattering object was placed between two lenses, and the focus of the two-lens system was varied continuously from near the second lens, through the image of the scattering object on to infinity by moving the first lens accordingly. In all prior experiments reported in literature the image of the object was formed beyond the lens focus. Images reconstructed by stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering were obtained and their positions and magnifications were in agreement with the holographic model.     

Opposite-parity orthonormal function expansion for efficient full-vectorial modeling of holey optical fibers

An improved full-vectorial method exploiting the opposite-parity property of eigenmodes based on orthonormal-functions expansion is proposed to solve the wave equation for holey optical fibers. By use of the parity property of eigenmodes in symmetric structures, the number of orthonormal function integrals involved in the calculation is reduced, and the computation efficiency is greatly enhanced. The coupling between the two transverse field components is considered, and both dominant and minor field components can be calculated for the accurate modeling of fiber modes. This method is useful for efficiently modeling holey fibers, especially those with large air holes, in which the coupling effect that is due to refractive-index discontinuities is strong.     

Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of epimedin C after oral administration of epimedin C and Herba Epimedii extract in rats

Epimedin C, an ingredient of Herba Epimedii, has potential for treatment of cardiovascular disease and bone loss. However, there is still no sensitive analytical method to monitor epimedin C in biological samples. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method based on a LC‐MS/MS for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of epimedin C after administration of Herba Epimedii in rat. Electrospray ionization in positive‐ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring were used to identify and quantitate active components. Analytes were separated by a reverse‐phase C₁₈ column. Liquid–liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, evaporation and reconstitution was used to plasma sample preparation. Mass transition of precursor ion → product ion pairs were monitored at m/z 823.4 → 313.1 for epimedin C and m/z 237.1 → 178.9 for carbamazepine (internal standard). A calibration curve gave good linearity (r > 0.999) over the concentration range 2.5–500 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that there was rapid distribution and slow elimination after epimedin C administration (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Oral bioavailabilities of epimedin C in the pure compound and in the Herba Epimedii were around 0.58% and 0.13%, respectively. The result suggests that other herbal ingredients of Herba Epimedii may suppress the oral bioavailability of epimedin C. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optical design and multi-objective optimization with fuzzy method for miniature zoom optics

In this paper a thinning L-type zoom lens design was proposed to exploit the reflecting and refracting surfaces connected by a prism. However, in the L-type designs, the modulation transfer function (MTF) value is comparatively low compared with that in its coaxial counterparts. If we increase the MTF, that would cause the relative illuminace (RI) degradation. We propose a combination of the Taguchi method and fuzzy approach to improve both the RI and MTF in L-type zoom systems. The resulting experimental values of orthogonal array L9 of the Taguchi method were used as inputs for fuzzy approach to obtain the MPCI value. The MPCI value was then analyzed by variance, revealing that the two most significant factors were (1) the surface 7 to image length and (2) the semi-aperture of the front element. In our proposed method, the appropriate weight of MTF and RI for the inputs of fuzzy controllers increased the MTF by 3.74%, but the RI only reduced by 0.13% in the systematic wide-angle end, respectively.     

Theorems on the limit analysis dealing with the yield condition expressed by the sum of the homogeneous linear form of stress tensor and the homogeneous quadratic form of stress tensor

In this paper a generalized variational principle on the limit analysis dealing with the yield condition expressed by the sum of the homogeneous linear form of stress tensor and the homogeneous quadratic form of stress tensor is suggested.This variational principle can be applied to the limit analysis in rock mechanics and it takes the situation, in which the yield condition is expressed by the homogeneous linear form of stress tensor or the homogeneous quadratic form of stress tensor, as its special case.     

Giant persistent currents in quasiperiodic mesoscopic rings

Giant persistent currents that occur in quasiperiodic Thue–Morse array of mesoscopic rings are proposed. As the order of the system increases, the maximum persistent current increases exponentially. The giant persistent current in a system with higher order is greater than that in traditional structures. It is found that the maximum persistent current occurs in the ring near the middle position of the array. The persistent current is also proportional to the sharpness of the transport resonance, which is dependent on the width of the allowed band in the bandstructure. A rule to determine the occurrence energy of the giant persistent currents for a system with arbitrary order is also proposed.