Das Verfahren zur Erkennung des Saccharins

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Effects of slight variations in nutrient loadings on pore plugging in soil columns

The high nutrient concentrations that would exist near the nutrient injection well during the application of cometabolicin situ bioremediation may lead to the development of significant quantities of biomass at this point in the subsurface. This biomass can decrease the porosity of the soil to such an extent that nutrient injection is no longer possible. In this work, experiments were conducted using a porous media biofilm reactor, operated under constant substrate loading conditions, such that the pressure drop across the reactor was allowed to increase to maintain a constant volumetric flow rate through the reactor. Results suggest that biomass production, and hence biofilm thickness, near the injection feed port is highly sensitive to substrate loading. In addition, these variations in biofilm thickness produce dramatic differences in the pressure drop that is attained across the reactor. Use of the Kozeny-Carman equation can be used to predict that once a critical depth has been exceeded, the pressure drop across the bed will increase exponentially within biofilm depth. This result means that pressure is not a reliable indicator of the onset of pore plugging.     

Optical rotation quasi-phase-matching for circularly polarized high harmonic generation

A scheme for quasi-phase-matching high harmonic generation of circularly polarized radiation is proposed: optical rotation quasi-phase-matching (ORQPM). In ORQPM, propagation of the driving radiation in a system exhibiting circular birefringence causes its plane of polarization to rotate; by appropriately matching the period of rotation to the coherence length, it is possible to avoid destructive interference of the generated radiation. It is shown that ORQPM is approximately five times more efficient than conventional QPM, and half as efficient as true phase-matching.     

Resolution and the integrality of satisfiability problems

A satisfiability problem can be regarded as a nondisjoint union of set covering problems. We show that if the resolution method of theorem proving is applied to the satisfiability problem, its constraint set defines an integral polytope if and only if the constraint sets of the set covering problems do. In this sense, resolution reduces the integrality question for the satisfiability problem to that for the set covering problem. Partially supported by ONR grant N00014-92-J-1028 and AFOSR grant 91-0287.     

Formal Hypothesis Tests for Additive Structure in Random Forests

While statistical learning methods have proved powerful tools for predictive modeling, the black-box nature of the models they produce can severely limit their interpretability and the ability to conduct formal inference. However, the natural structure of ensemble learners like bagged trees and random forests has been shown to admit desirable asymptotic properties when base learners are built with proper subsamples. In this work, we demonstrate that by defining an appropriate grid structure on the covariate space, we may carry out formal hypothesis tests for both variable importance and underlying additive model structure. To our knowledge, these tests represent the first statistical tools for investigating the underlying regression structure in a context such as random forests. We develop notions of total and partial additivity and further demonstrate that testing can be carried out at no additional computational cost by estimating the variance within the process of constructing the ensemble. Furthermore, we propose a novel extension of these testing procedures using random projections to allow for computationally efficient testing procedures that retain high power even when the grid size is much larger than that of the training set.     

Variable length transform-limited pulses from a stabilized synchronously-pumped mode-locked laser

We have investigated the stabilization of a synchronously-pumped mode-locked dye laser by self feedback. The output consists of transform-limited pulses whose shape and duration depend on the tuning of the main laser cavity. Measurements of the limiting of the feedback with respect to the main cavity indicate that the optimum timing depends on the length of the pumping pulses rather than that of the output pulses.     

Evaluation of bacterial detachment rates in porous media

The ability of published biomass detachment rate expressions to describe experimental data obtained from porous media reactors usingPseudomonas aeruginosa grown aerobically on glucose was evaluated. A first-order rate expression on attached biomass concentration best reflected effluent substrate concentration for combined data sets. Detachment rate coefficientk _d1 was dependent on initial substrate concentration. Simulation of porous media reactor experiments indicated that responses using higher influent substrate concentrations possessed greater sensitivity to variations ink _d1. Simulations of field bioremediation systems suggest the use of accurate biofilm development kinetics is important in the prediction of well bore biofouling.     

Modification of aniline containing proteins using an oxidative coupling strategy

A new bioconjugation reaction has been developed based on the chemoselective modification of anilines through an oxidative coupling pathway. Aryl amines were installed on the surface of protein substrates through lysine acylation reactions or through the use of native chemical ligation techniques. Upon exposure to NaIO4 in aqueous buffer, the anilines coupled rapidly to the aromatic rings of N,N-dialkyl-N'-acyl-p-phenylenediamines. The identities of the reaction products were confirmed using ESI-MS and through comparison to small molecule analogs. Control experiments indicated that none of the native amino acids participated in the reaction. The resulting bioconjugates were found to be stable toward hydrolysis from pH 4 to pH 11 and in the presence of many commonly used oxidants, reductants, and nucleophiles. A fluorescent phenylenediamine reagent was synthesized for the selective detection of aniline labeled proteins in mixtures, and the reaction was used to append the C-terminus of the green fluorescent protein with a single PEG chain. When combined with techniques for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins, this bioorthogonal coupling method should prove useful for a number of applications requiring a high degree of labeling specificity.