Photoinduced switching of intramolecular hydrogen bond between amide NH and carboxyl oxygen

In this study, we synthesized two novel carboxylic acid and carboxylate compounds, both of which had an amide group linked with an azomethine moiety to introduce photoinduced switching of the intramolecular NH...O hydrogen bond. We suggest that the cis-carboxylate compound forms a stronger intramolecular NH...O hydrogen bond than the cis-carboxylic acid compound.     

Persistent nuclear wave packet oscillation coexistent with incoherent vibrational population at excited F centers in KI

We investigated nuclear wave packet dynamics in the excited state of KI F centers at 10 K using time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. Observed transient spectrum is divided into oscillatory and non-oscillatory components. The former lasts over 11 ps without appreciable damping and is attributed to the oscillation of the wave packet consisting mainly of the A(1g) mode around the center. The non-oscillatory part rises quickly after photo-excitation exhibiting a cooling of incoherent vibrational population. This behavior suggests the fast energy dissipation due to the dephasing of the bulk phonon modes.     

Intergrain ordering processes of YBa2Cu4O8 and related complex ceramic systems

Intergrain ordering phenomena of frustrated ceramic YBa₂Cu₄O₈ (Y124) and dual phase mixed ceramic containing CuO are studied by both magnetic and resistivity observations. Magnetically estimated intergrain ordering temperature T_c2 and zero-resistivity attainment temperature T_z are both decreased with CuO content. However, it is also revealed that mutual location of T_c2 and T_z is changed. For the mixed ceramic with torn intergrain network structure, T_z stays above T_c2, indicating local dissolution of frustration by cluster structure. On the other side, remaining resistivity tails blow T_c2, indicating intrinsic fluctuation effect on the resistivity caused by frustration in the ordered state. It is known then that, superconductive ceramic samples which is free from structural phase inhomogeneity is essential in order to clarify the frustration effect.     

Entropy balance in distributed reversible Gray-Scott model

A practical way to calculate the entropy change in the distributed media composed of reversible Gray-Scott model is demonstrated. The entropy change is given as the sum of the entropy production and the divergence of entropy flow. The divergence of entropy is calculated based on the chemical potential of steady state. It becomes evident that: (i) the entropy change for the emergence of dissipative structures in the open system can be positive or negative, (ii) most of the entropy produced inside the system is thrown out to the environment when dissipative structures are developing, (iii) the entropy production and the divergence of entropy flow balance completely, when the system shows static steady states, (iv) the entropy change behaves as if it is the time derivative of the entropy production. Prior to these calculations of entropy balance, the features of emergent patterns in the two-dimensional system are examined in terms of entropy production solely. The results imply that the entropy production can be an index for us to discriminate spatial patterns, but is not a global thermodynamic potential for the evolution of dissipative structures.     

Exclusive Observation of the (132R)-Enantiomer of Chlorophyll-c from a Diatom Chaetoseros calcitrans

Chiral high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of optically active chlorophyll(Chl)-c molecules, which are seen in many marine photosynthetic organisms, was developed. Chls-c have a single asymmetric carbon at the 13²-position, so their stereoisomers are (13²R)- and (13²S)-enantiomers. After the separation of each enantiomer, the stereochemistry was unambiguously characterized using its circular dichroism spectrum in comparison with that of the structure-related compound, protochlorophyllide-a. Moreover, Chls-c were carefully extracted from the cells of a diatom Chaetoseros calcitrans without racemization and were subjected to the chiral HPLC. The results clearly demonstrated that naturally occurring Chl-c molecules are enantiomerically pure (13²R)-forms, which are generally found in photosynthetically active chlorophyllous pigments.     

High Field ESR System and Its Application to the Study of Quantum Spin Systems

Developments of the high field ESR system in Kobe University is presented. Using Gunn oscillators and backward traveling oscillators (BWO), we can cover the frequency region from 30 to 1183.6 GHz with the use of InSb detector. Pulsed magnetic field up to 30 T is available and we are now trying to extend the field up to 40 T. Temperature range is from 1.8 to 300 K. Using this system, we studied S=1/2 ladder like system Cu₂(C₅H₁₂N₂)₂Cl₄, and found a new magnetic transition at 10.1 T at 1.8 K. The temperature dependence of ESR in Cu₂(C₅H₁₂N₂)₂CI₄ shows g-shift below 8 K which corresponds to the maximum of the magnetic susceptibility. The g-shift below 8 K suggests the increase of the quantum fluctuation in the system, and the role of the quantum fluctuation in Cu₂(C₅H₁₂N₂)₂CI₄ is discussed.     

Mutual-probability prediction and higher-order correlation effects among acoustic,light and electromagnetic waves in a video display terminal environment

A probabilistic signal processing method, with which is possible to get some methodological suggestion to the measurement method of correlative and/or accumulative effects in the compound environment of sound, light and electromagnetic (EM) waves is discussed. In order to extract various types of latent interrelation characteristics among wave environmental factors leaked from an actually operating video display terminal (VDT), an extended regression system model, hierarchically reflecting not only linear correlation information but also nonlinear correlation information, is first introduced, especially from a viewpoint of ‘relationism-first’. Then, through estimating each regression parameter of this model, some original evaluation methods for predicting a whole probability distribution form, from one another, are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the methods is experimentally confirmed, by applying them to the actual observed data leaked by a VDT with some television games. To cite this article: M. Ohta et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).