Steady state shapes of periodic profiles on (110), (100), and (111) surfaces of nickel

Periodic surface profiles with amplitudes of ≦0.4 μm and periodicities of 4–20 μm were prepared on Ni(110), (100), and (111) single crystal surfaces. These crystals were annealed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at 1073–1327 K after they had been cleaned by Ar ion bombardment and investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy. The geometry of the profiles was studied in UHV by laser diffraction and outside the vacuum by interference microscopy. The profiles have sinusoidal shapes on Ni(110) but trapezoidal shapes on both the (100) and (111) surfaces. This type of faceting can be understood on the basis of the anisotropic surface energy of Ni, with cusps at the (100) and (111) orientations. Model calculations show in the case of anisotropic surface energy that periodic profiles develop facets which correspond to the low surface energy orientations (close-packed surfaces).     

Solid-phase synthesis of oxazolones and other heterocycles via Wang resin-bound diazocarbonyls

The preparation of Wang resin bound α-diazo-β-ketoesters is described. These highly useful intermediates were used for the synthesis of a series of heterocycle libraries, which were obtained from the resin using TFA cleavage. In addition, a novel route for the synthesis of oxazolones using an N-H insertion strategy is disclosed.     

Remarkable Dependence of the Final Charge Separation Efficiency on the Donor–Acceptor Interaction in Photoinduced Electron Transfer

The unprecedented dependence of final charge separation efficiency as a function of donor–acceptor interaction in covalently‐linked molecules with a rectilinear rigid oligo‐p‐xylene bridge has been observed. Optimization of the donor–acceptor electronic coupling remarkably inhibits the undesirable rapid decay of the singlet charge‐separated state to the ground state, yielding the final long‐lived, triplet charge‐separated state with circa 100 % efficiency. This finding is extremely useful for the rational design of artificial photosynthesis and organic photovoltaic cells toward efficient solar energy conversion.     

Biomimetic Assembly Lines Producing Natural Product Analogs: Strategies from a Versatile Manifold to Skeletally Diverse Scaffolds

Biosynthetic assembly lines have evolved in nature, adopting divergent processes to produce a vast number of secondary metabolites. Inspired by these biogenetic processes, this account introduces recent investigations by my research group to formulate a synthetic strategy for establishing a biomimetic assembly line. With the aim not only to construct natural product‐relevant scaffolds within 5–7 steps, but also to systematically diversify skeletal and stereochemical properties and functional groups, divergent synthetic processes exploiting a versatile manifold have been developed. This approach allows for cost‐effective production of skeletally diverse and biologically active natural product analogs inaccessible by other means. Discovery of several lead candidates for a neglected tropical disease is a proof‐of‐concept of this synthetic approach.     

Parabolic First and Second Order Differential Equations

We are concerned with an inverse problem for a first-order linear evolution equation. Moreover, a complete second-order evolution equation will be considered, too. We indicate sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solution. All the results apply well to inverse problems for equations from mathematical physics. As a possible application of the abstract theorems, some examples of partial differential equations are given.