Asymptotics of Ruin Probabilities for Risk Processes under Optimal Reinsurance and Investment Policies: The Large Claim Case

In a classical risk process reinsurance and investment can be chosen at any time. We find the Lundberg exponent and the Cramér–Lundberg approximation for the ruin probability under the optimal strategy in the case where no exponential moments for the claim size distribution exist. We also show that the optimal strategies converge.     

Parametrisierung von Konjugationsklassen in\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}_n

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die Gelfand-Kirillov-Dimension

Ohne Zusammenfassung Bemerkung. Die Autoren möchten G. Harder, A. Joseph, M. Krämer und C. M. Ringel für hilfreiche Hinweise und Diskussionen danken.     

Substitutionsprodukte des Cyclopentadiens, 11. Mitt.: Allylcyclopentadien und (x-Cyclopentadienyl)-allyl-palladium-Komplexe

Zusammenfassung Es wird über Synthese und Reaktionen des Allylcyclopentadiens (I) sowie (Allylcyclopentadienyl)-allyl-palladiums (VIII) und VIII-Analoger berichtet.Fortsetzung der 5. Mitt., Mh. Chem.91, 809 (1960).     

1,2-Epoxy-Carotinoide. 1. Mitteilung. Synthese von 1,2-Epoxy-lycopin und 1,2,1′,2′-Diepoxy-lycopin

1,2-Epoxy-Carotenoids. Synthesis of 1,2-Epoxy-lycopene and 1,2,1′,2′-Diepoxy-lycopene The synthesis of the naturally occuring 1,2-epoxy-lycopene and of 1,2,1′,2′-diepoxy-lycopene is described.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of irregular vocal fold oscillations: biphonation due to desynchronization of spatial modes.

This report is on direct observation and modal analysis of irregular spatio-temporal vibration patterns of vocal fold pathologies in vivo. The observed oscillation patterns are described quantitatively with multiline kymograms, spectral analysis, and spatio-temporal plots. The complex spatio-temporal vibration patterns are decomposed by empirical orthogonal functions into independent vibratory modes. It is shown quantitatively that biphonation can be induced either by left-right asymmetry or by desynchronized anterior-posterior vibratory modes, and the term "AP (anterior-posterior) biphonation" is introduced. The presented phonation examples show that for normal phonation the first two modes sufficiently explain the glottal dynamics. The spatio-temporal oscillation pattern associated with biphonation due to left-right asymmetry can be explained by the first three modes. Higher-order modes are required to describe the pattern for biphonation induced by anterior-posterior vibrations. Spatial irregularity is quantified by an entropy measure, which is significantly higher for irregular phonation than for normal phonation. Two asymmetry measures are introduced: the left-right asymmetry and the anterior-posterior asymmetry, as the ratios of the fundamental frequencies of left and right vocal fold and of anterior-posterior modes, respectively. These quantities clearly differentiate between left-right biphonation and anterior-posterior biphonation. This paper proposes methods to analyze quantitatively irregular vocal fold contour patterns in vivo and complements previous findings of desynchronization of vibration modes in computer modes and in in vitro experiments.     

(Cholestanyloxycarbonyl)benzyl esters as peptide substituents: Conformational properties of fully protected oligo-L-lysines with C-terminal (cholestanyloxycarbonyl)benzyl and benzyl ester moieties

This study involves L-lysine oligo peptides, protected at the N-terminus by the Nps and at the ε-amino functions by Boc groups. Two series were prepared from dimer to octamer, one containing the p-[(cholestan-3β-yloxy)carbonyl]benzyl, the other one the benzyl ester group at the C-terminus. Conformational analyses were performed by IR absorption. The occurrence of the intermolecular β-structure in the solid state and in CH₂Cl₂ solution was demonstrated for the highest oligomers. The relative stabilities of the self-associated species were determined by adding a variety of polar solvents to the CH₂Cl₂ solutions. The cholestanyl-containing peptides have a lower propensity to self-aggregate than the benzyl-ester analogues. Self-aggregation and decreasing solubility run in parallel. It was also directly shown that soluble urea derivatives may disrupt intermolecular H-bonds in CH₂Cl₂, a point of practical interest, particularly in solid-phase peptide synthesis.     

Preparation and Conformational Properties of Benzylpenicilloyl-oligo-L-lysine Conjugates

Selected oligo-L -lysine carriers and a poly-L -lysine were penicilloylated with benzylpenicillin. The resulting conjugates 2 – 6 were studied by IR. absorption in the solid state and circular dichroism measurements in solution. The IR. data demonstrate the lack of β-structure formation even in medium-sized peptides where such structures might be expected on the basis of previous studies on differently substituted oligo-L -lysines. Considerable proportions of right-handed α -helical conformation are exhibited by the icosa-L -lysine and poly-L -lysine conjugates 5 and 6 in water and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Difficulties in obtaining fully penicilloylated conjugates are not related to the extent of α-helical conformation in aqueous solution.