Chemoselectivity of 2‐Arylmethyleneaminoisoindolin‐1,3‐diones toward Arenes under Friedel–Crafts Conditions: An Efficient Synthesis of Benzophenones Integrated with 2‐Substituted Hydrazone Moieties

Treatment 2‐arylmethyleneaminoisoindole‐1,3‐diones 1a – c with arenes in the presence of AlCl₃‐DMF complex as a catalyst afforded the novel compounds, 2‐((arylidenehydrazono)(aryl)‐methyl)benzophenones 3a – n in satisfactory yields. The structure of the obtained products 3a – n was confirmed by the use of IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses.     

Efficient Synthesis of Novel Coumarin‐3‐carboxamides (=2‐Oxo‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxamides) Containing Lipophilic Spacers

The novel coumarin‐3‐carboxamides (=2‐oxo‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxamides) 5a – 5g containing lipophilic spacers were synthesized through the Ugi‐four‐component reaction (Scheme 1). The reactions of aromatic aldehydes 1 , 4,4′‐oxybis[benzenamine] or 4,4′‐methylenebis[benzenamine] as diamine 2 , coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (=2‐oxo‐2H‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxylic acid; 3 ), and alkyl isocyanides 4 lead to the desired substituted coumarin‐3‐carboxamides 5a – 5g at room temperature with high bond‐forming efficiency. These novel coumarin derivatives exhibit brilliant fluorescence at 544 nm in CHCl₃.     

Making Oil-in-Water Emulsions by Ultrasound and Stability Evaluation Using Taguchi Method

Oil-in-water emulsions containing 40% wt sunflower oil were prepared using ultrasound with the frequency of 30 kHz. The effect of sonication time, stabilizer concentration, NaCl, and pH of aqueous phase on the stability and particle size distribution of samples was investigated using Taguchi statistical method. The results showed that increasing sonication time decreased mean diameter of droplets and narrowed droplet size distribution curves. NaCl was found to have a positive effect on the stability of samples. More stable emulsions were prepared when using xanthan and pectin together at pH 4.     

Nucleophilic substitution at the pyridine ring. Kinetics of the reaction of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine with arylthiolates in methanol

The reaction rates of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine 1 with a series of arylthiolates 2a-h in methanol have been measured at 25°C. The products are the corresponding 2-thioaryl-3,5-dinitropyridine 3a-h. Good Hammett correlation with ρ value −1.19 was obtained suggesting an elimination-addition mechanism S_NAr and the formation of Meisenheimer-like intermediates. Plot of log k₂ vs. pK_a values of arylthiols gave straight line with β=0.38 indicating that the π-bond breaking in the pyridine ring is so much advanced over bond making between the nucleophile and the carbon that bears the chlorine atom. Excellent correlation between log k₂ and log K (carbon basicity of arylthiolates) was obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 29: 515–521, 1997.     

Stability and response of a nonlinear coupled pitch-roll ship model under parametric and harmonic excitations

The present study deals with the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) system with quadratic coupling under parametric and harmonic excitations. The method of multiple scale perturbation technique is applied to solve the nonlinear differential equations and obtain approximate solutions up to and including the second order approximations. All resonance cases are extracted and investigated. Stability of the system is studied using frequency response equations and phase-plane method. Numerical solutions are carried out and the results are presented graphically and discussed. The effects of the different parameters on both response and stability of the system are investigated. The reported results are compared to the available published work.     

Vibration and stability of an aircraft tail under simultaneous primary-combined and internal resonance

This paper adds a negative velocity feedback to the dynamical system of twin-tail aircraft to suppress the vibration. The system is represented by two coupled second-order nonlinear differential equations having both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The system describes the vibration of an aircraft tail subjected to both multi-harmonic and multi-tuned excitations. The method of multiple time scale perturbation is adopted to solve the nonlinear differential equations and obtain approximate solutions up to the third order approximations. The stability of the proposed analytic solution near the simultaneous primary, combined and internal resonance is studied and its conditions are determined. The effect of different parameters on the steady state response of the vibrating system is studied and discussed by using frequency response equations. Some different resonance cases are investigated numerically     

Lorenz’s attractor applied to the stream cipher (Ali-Pacha generator)

The safety of information is primarily founded today on the calculation of algorithms whose confidentiality depends on the number of the necessary bits for the definition of a cryptographic key. If this type of system has proved reliable, then the increasing power of the means of calculation threatens the confidentiality of these methods. The powerful computers are certainly able to quantify and decipher information quickly, but their computing speed allows parallel cryptanalysis, which aims “to break” a code by discovering the key, for example, by testing all the possible keys.

The only evocation of the principle of the quantum computer, with the potentially colossal capacities of calculation, has started a shock, even in the most savaged who are convinced of algorithmic cryptography. To mitigate this concern, we will introduce in this article a new cryptographic system based on chaotic concepts.     

Rate constants and branching ratios for the dissociative recombination of C3D(+)7 and C4D(+)9

Product branching ratios and thermal rate coefficients for the dissociative recombination of C3D(+)7 and C4D(+)9 have been measured in the ion storage ring CRYRING. The results for C3D(+)7 are believed to be slightly more accurate than those obtained earlier for C3H(+)7. Only the C-C bond breaking channels could be measured for C4D(+)9 and were found to be in excellent agreement with earlier data.     

Regioselective bond cleavage in the dissociative electron transfer to benzyl thiocyanates

The electrochemical reduction of benzyl thiocyanate and p-nitrobenzyl thiocyanate was investigated in acetonitrile at an inert electrode. These two compounds reveal a change in the reductive cleavage mechanism, and more interestingly, they show a clear-cut example of a regioselective bond dissociation. Both phenomena may be understood on the basis of the dissociative ET theory and its extension to the formation/dissociation reactions of radical ions. While the effect of the standard oxidation potential of the leaving group seems to be predominant in understanding the change in the ET mechanism by changing the driving force, the regioselective cleavage is dictated by changes in the intrinsic barrier related to the nature of the substituent on the aryl moiety.