Search for new physics in lepton+photon+X events with 305 pb(-1) of pp collisions at [square root of s] = 1.96 TeV

We present results of a search for anomalous production of events containing a charged lepton (l, either e or mu) and a photon (gamma), both with high transverse momentum, accompanied by additional signatures X, including missing transverse energy (ET) and additional leptons and photons. We use the same selection criteria as in a previous CDF search but with a substantially larger data set, 305 pb(-1), a pp collision energy of 1.96 TeV, and the CDF II detector. We find 42 lgammaET events versus an expectation of 37.3+/-5.4 events. We observe 31 llgamma+X events versus an expectation of 23.0+/-2.7 events. We find no events similar to the run I eegammagammaET event.     

Generation of a dark nonlinear focus by spatio-temporal coherent control

The transition probability of a two-photon absorption (TPA) process in atomic Cesium, excited by phase-controlled temporally focused ultrashort pulses is shown to be spatially modulated in a controlled manner. In particular, we demonstrate the generation of a dark nonlinear focus. By controlling the excitation pulse shape along the propagation coordinate we create a region in space where the TPA rate vanishes which is flanked by bright regions.     

A New Apparatus for Particle Impact Tests

Breakage and chipping of particles due to collision with a hard surface is a common occurrence in many conveying and handling systems, such as pneumatic conveying and jet‐mills. Studies of the breakage mechanism of particles due to impact and the effect of impact velocity and the number of impacts have been investigated in depth both experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, a new concept and apparatus are introduced for conducting particle impact tests. In most of the published test rigs, particles were accelerated towards a target. In our apparatus, the target moves and hits the particles. Using this concept, the machine can operate in a vacuum, which will reduce errors caused by air streams and turbulence. The performance of the new apparatus is analyzed and the breakage phenomenon is discussed, to some extent, for two materials. The results are presented in terms of the increase in the weight percentage of the feed broken and the decrease in the weight median size as the impact velocity or number of impacts increases.     

Baire property and axiom of choice

We show that without using inaccessible cardinals it is possible to get models of “ZF+all sets of reals have the Baire property +DC(ω₁)” and “ZFC+all projective sets have the Baire property+the union of less than ω₂ many meager sets is meager”, answering two well-known open questions of Woodin and Judah, respectively. The authors would like to thank the Israel Academy of Sciences BSF for partial support. The second author would like to thank the Landau Center for Mathematical Analysis, supported by the Minerva Foundation (Germany).     

Enantiopure Laterally Functionalized Alleno–Acetylenic Macrocycles: Synthesis,Chiroptical Properties,and Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media

A family of shape‐persistent alleno–acetylenic macrocycles (SPAAMs), peripherally decorated with structurally diverse pendant groups, has been synthesized and characterized in enantiomerically pure form. Their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra feature a strong chiroptical response, which is more than two times higher than for open‐chain tetrameric analogues. A water‐soluble oligo(ethylene glycol)‐appended SPAAM undergoes self‐assembly in aqueous solution. Morphology studies by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) revealed the formation of aggregates with fibrous fine structures that correspond to tubular, macrocyclic stacks.     

Crystals of Benzamide,the First Polymorphous Molecular Compound,Are Helicoidal

The growth of spontaneously twisted crystals is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. An analysis of the formation of twisted crystals of a metastable benzamide polymorph (form II ) crystallizing from highly supersaturated aqueous and ethanol solutions is given here. Benzamide, the first polymorphic molecular crystal reported (1832), would have been the first helicoidal crystal observed had the original authors undertaken an analysis by light microscopy. Polymorphism and twisting frequently concur as they are both associated with high thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization. Optical and electron microscopies as well as electron and powder X‐ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benzamide form II needle‐like crystals. The internal stress produced by the overgrowth of lamellae is shown to be able to create a twist moment that is responsible for the observed non‐classical morphologies.     

Crystals of Benzamide,the First Polymorphous Molecular Compound,Are Helicoidal

The growth of spontaneously twisted crystals is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. An analysis of the formation of twisted crystals of a metastable benzamide polymorph (form II ) crystallizing from highly supersaturated aqueous and ethanol solutions is given here. Benzamide, the first polymorphic molecular crystal reported (1832), would have been the first helicoidal crystal observed had the original authors undertaken an analysis by light microscopy. Polymorphism and twisting frequently concur as they are both associated with high thermodynamic driving forces for crystallization. Optical and electron microscopies as well as electron and powder X-ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benzamide form II needle-like crystals. The internal stress produced by the overgrowth of lamellae is shown to be able to create a twist moment that is responsible for the observed non-classical morphologies.     

Nonlinear problems related to the Thomas-Fermi equation

Journal of Evolution Equations -     

A new rounding procedure for the assignment problem with applications to dense graph arrangement problems

We present a randomized procedure for rounding fractional perfect matchings to (integral) matchings. If the original fractional matching satisfies any linear inequality, then with high probability, the new matching satisfies that linear inequality in an approximate sense. This extends the well-known LP rounding procedure of Raghavan and Thompson, which is usually used to round fractional solutions of linear programs.?We use our rounding procedure to design an additive approximation algorithm to the Quadratic Assignment Problem. The approximation error of the algorithm is εn ² and it runs in n ^{O (log n /ε2)} time.?We also describe Polynomial Time Approximation Schemes (PTASs) for dense subcases of many well-known NP-hard arrangement problems, including MINIMUM LINEAR ARRANGEMENT, MINIMUM CUT LINEAR ARRANGEMENT, MAXIMUM ACYCLIC SUBGRAPH, and BETWEENNESS. Received: December 12, 1999 / Accepted: October 25, 2001?Published online February 14, 2002     

Large cardinals and projective sets

We investigate measure and category in the projective hierarchie in the presence of large cardinals. Assuming a measurable larger than Woodin cardinals we construct a model where every -set is measurable, but some -set does not have Baire property. Moreover, from the same assumption plus a precipitous ideal on we show how a model can be forced where every set is measurable and has Baire property. Received October 12, 1994