功能高分子材料综合实验设计:荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜的制备

设计了一个综合性实验,将荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜的制备和现代分析测试技术应用于高分子专业的教学实验中,以提高学生的综合实践能力。实验包括荧光稀土液晶高分子的制备、表征、防伪性能评价3大部分。采用FTIR、荧光光谱仪、POM、XRD、TG表征荧光稀土液晶高分子的结构与性能;制备荧光稀土液晶高分子防伪膜对其防伪性能进行评价,给整个实验增添趣味性与实用性。通过开设该实验,可让学生了解功能高分子的前沿知识及现代分析测试技术的基本原理和用途,掌握专业的实验操作与数据处理方法,提高学生的综合实践能力和专业素质。学生实验证明该综合实验适用于本科实验教学。     

诺贝尔奖宠儿——碳元素的前世今生

碳元素历史悠久,与现代人类社会联系紧密,对人类未来意义重大,多次斩获诺贝尔奖。在揭开碳元素的发现史之后,介绍了活性炭、碳纤维、玻璃碳等无定形碳以及热解炭等过渡碳的重要作用。此外,晶形碳的经典同素异形体--C60富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯的独特结构造就了其在纳米材料领域的非凡用途;新型同素异形体的合成、发现与应用更是碳元素研究领域的热点。     

高中化学项目教学案例——探寻柠檬水中的维生素C

选取“维生素C”这一生活中常见的还原性物质,面向已经学习“氧化还原反应”基础知识的高一年级学生开展项目教学活动。通过提出项目问题、师生共同拆解项目问题设计研究方案和子任务、学生实施子任务研究等项目教学环节,在形成相应子任务成果的同时,进一步帮助学生巩固从氧化性和还原性视角认识化学物质性质的认识角度,建立基于物质性质定量分析目标物质含量的实验思路和思维框架,提升学生对于氧化还原反应功能和价值的认识。     

生物凝聚态物质的多层次结构表征

在生物体内到处都是由蛋白质、核酸和多糖等生物大分子构成的各种不同生物凝聚态物质,这些生物凝聚态物质形成不同的高级结构,执行不同的生物功能。获取这些生物凝聚态物质的高分辨结构是理解生命过程的重要途径。在离体环境中,获取高分辨结构的手段主要有X-射线晶体衍射、冷冻电镜和核磁共振等,而在活细胞内原位研究生物凝聚体的结构,核磁共振和化学交联质谱具有独特优势。本文总结了利用多种分析手段对生物凝聚态物质进行多层次结构表征的研究进展:包括简单纯化体系下的蛋白质分子机器,蛋白质纤维等;液-液相分离,大分子拥挤、限域等模拟细胞复杂环境下的生物大分子以及活细胞内生物大分子。     

Fluorescence Signal Amplification Strategies Based on DNA Nanotechnology for miRNA Detection

In this review,the most recent progresses in the field of fluorescence signal amplification strategies based on DNA nanotechnology for miRNA are summarized.The types of signal amplification are given and the principles of amplification strategies are explained,including rolling circle amplification(RCA),catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA),hybridization chain reaction(HCR)and DNA walker.Subsequently,the application of these signal amplification methods in biosensing and bioimaging are covered and described.Finally,the challenges and the outlook of fluorescence signal amplification methods for miRNA detection are briefly commented.     

Recent Progress on Two-dimensional Electrocatalysis

Due to their unique electronic and structural properties triggered by high atomic utilization and easy surface modification, two-dimensional(2D) materials have prodigious potential in electrocatalysis for energy conversion technology in recent years. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrocatalysis. Five categories including metals, transition metal compounds, non-metal, metal-organic framework and other emerging 2D nanomaterials are successively introduced. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of 2D materials for electrocatalysis are also prospected. We hope this review may be helpful for guiding the design and application of 2D nanomaterials in energy conversion technologies.     

Boosting Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution: Purposely Constructing Direct Z-Scheme Photoanode by Modulating the Interface Electric Field

Ti-Fe₂O₃ photoanode has received widespread attention in photoelectrochemical(PEC) water spilling because of its optimized oxidative and reductive capability of composites catalyst. However, its low efficiency could limit its development. Herein, in order to improve the efficiency of PEC water spilling, the all-solid-state direct Z-scheme Ti-ZnFe₂O₄/Ti-Fe₂O₃(TZFO/Ti-Fe₂O₃) nanorod arrays composited with the ideal energy band structure are synthesized by modulating the Fermi level of TZFO for PEC water splitting. The photophysical methods in this work, including the Kelvin probe measurement and transient photovoltage spectroscopy(TPV) measurement, are applied to explore the migration behavior of electric charges at the enhanced interface electric field. Finally, the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism of TZFO/Ti-Fe₂O₃ photoanode is proved successfully. Benefiting from the desirable charge transfer at interface electric field, the TZFO/Ti-Fe₂O₃ exhibits the outstanding photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER) performance, and the photocurrent of 60TZFO/Ti-Fe₂O₃ photoanode reaches 2.16 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE), which is three times higher than that of pure Ti-Fe₂O₃ photoanode. This work provides a facile approach of modulating interface electric field to optimize the Z-scheme charge-transfer process.     

Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones with Recyclable Pd Catalysts on Cross-linked 1,10-Phenanthroline Polymers

A 1,10-phenanthroline based polymer named PPPhen(i.e., polymer from pyrene 1,10-phenanthrolin) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline and pyrene cross-linked with dimethoxymethane. The related Pd catalyst Pd@PPPhen was prepared by supporting Pd nanoparticles(NPs) on the PPPhen material. PPPhen and Pd@PPPhen were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that PPPhen polymer was highly porous and that the phenanthroline group can enhance the stability of the Pd nanoparticles. Pd@PPPhen also exhibited good catalytic activity in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, and Pd@PPPhen was recyclable with durable activity and retentive structures.     

一种便携快速测量水中铅和镉含量的仪器-ANDalyze

快速测量污染水中重金属元素含量对于监测野外突发污染至关重要.建立了使用以生物酶（DNA酶）为原理的便捷仪器快速测定污染水中铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）元素含量的方法.使用生物酶传感器对标准溶液进行测量,根据溶液推荐和测量浓度之间的线性关系对仪器进行校准后,可测量的质量浓度范围:Pb为2~100 μg/L,Cd为0.1~1.0 mg/L.仪器可以在3~5 min内方便快速完成重金属的现场测量,使用DNA酶可以快速获得污染水中的微量金属元素含量,有利于野外重金属污染的即时测量.     

Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery

Many proteins in living organisms are glycosylated. As their glycan patterns exhibit protein-, cell-, and tissue-specific heterogeneity, changes in the glycosylation levels could serve as useful indicators of various pathological and physiological states. Thus, the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers from specific changes in the glycan profiles of glycoproteins is a trending field. Lectin microarrays provide a new glycan analysis platform, which enables rapid and sensitive analysis of complex glycans without requiring the release of glycans from the protein. Recent developments in lectin microarray technology enable high-throughput analysis of glycans in complex biological samples. In this review, we will discuss the basic concepts and recent progress in lectin microarray technology, the application of lectin microarrays in biomarker discovery, and the challenges and future development of this technology. Given the tremendous technical advancements that have been made, lectin microarrays will become an indispensable tool for the discovery of glycoprotein biomarkers.