色散波的自适应开路边条件

本文从一类色散波的积分形式解出发,在陈和邹提出的自适应开路边条件的基础上,采用进一步引入局部瞬时等价波速,和将非线性色散关系式ω(k)在某个适当选定的k_0处作Taylor展开这两种不同方式,得到了几类不同的、可用于色散波,特别是色散水波的开路边条件。并利用两类有解析解的例子,计算了几种开路边条件的“聚散比”。计算结果表明,本文提出的方法是有效的。     

合成聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯负载型催化剂钛酸四丁酯/纳米二氧化硅的制备

以钛酸酯偶联剂(TMC-201)为改性剂,采用超声波分散方法对亲水性纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO2)进行了表面改性。采用浸渍法将钛酯四丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)负载于表面改性的nano-SiO2上,制备了纳米级Ti(OC4H9)4/nano-SiO2负载型催化剂。考察了偶联剂用量、温度、时间对纳米SiO2表面改性的影响,研究了负载时间、负载温度和Ti(OC4H9)4用量对表面改性后纳米SiO2负载Ti(OC4H9)4的影响。结果表明,当TMC-201质量分数为35%、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为3.5 h时,纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝的偶联剂量最大;在室温下,负载48 h,Ti(OC4H9)4用量为表面改性纳米SiO2量的1/2时得到的Ti(OC4H9)4/nano-SiO2负载型催化剂负载Ti(OC4H9)4量最大;运用ICP-AES、FESEM等测试技术对修饰后的纳米SiO2及Ti(OC4H9)4/nano-SiO2负载型催化剂进行了表征;将Ti(OC4H9)4/nano-SiO2负载型催化剂用于聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)聚酯合成的结果表明,与均相Ti(OC4H9)4催化剂相比,Ti(OC4H9)4/nano-SiO2负载型催化剂催化合成PTT聚酯过程中酯化时间177 min,与均相催化剂催化酯化时间相近,在缩聚2 h后得到PTT的特性粘度高达1.05,证明该负载型催化剂具有高的催化活性,既可催化酯化反应又可催化缩聚反应。     

Facile Synthesis of Porous g-C3N4 with Enhanced Visible-Light Photoactivity

Porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was prepared by dicyandiamide and urea via the pyrolysis method, which possessed enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Its surface area was increased from 17.12 to 48.00 m²/g. The porous structure not only enhanced the light capture capacity, but also accelerated the mass transfer ability. The Di (Dicyandiamide)/Ur (Urea) composite possessed better photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B in visible light than that of g-C₃N₄. Moreover, the Di/Ur-4:5 composite showed the best photoactivity, which was almost 5.8 times that of g-C₃N₄. The enhanced photocatalytic activity showed that holes and superoxide radical played a key role in the process of photodegradation, which was ascribed to the enhanced separation of photogenerated carriers. The efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs may be owing to the higher surface area, O dopant, and pore volumes, which can not only improve the trapping opportunities of charge carriers but also the retarded charge carrier recombination. Therefore, it is expected that the composite would be a promising candidate material for organic pollutant degradation.     

FR系列金属材料热变形防护润滑剂

本文介绍了自行设计研制的用于金属材料热变形的FR系列防护润滑剂的主要性能和应用。将这类润滑剂涂敷在热变形金属毛坯上,可以起到防护、润滑和绝热等作用。作者认为,FR系列防护润滑剂的高温粘度是一个重要的性能指标,只要控制其在金属材料的变形温度下形成液态摩擦条件,它就能够发挥润滑作用。试验结果表明,圆环试样墩粗法测定摩擦系数是优选与评定防护润滑剂的一种适用的好方法。     

多层非线性抗震钢结构的损失估计与优化设计

本文通过结构的动力可靠性分析和损失估计建立了以动力可靠性为约束的非线性抗震结构双目标(造价与损失期望)优化设计模型,提出了具体实现这种优化设计思想的实际可行的方法。文中将地震地面运动模拟为平稳过滤有色噪声,建立了以破坏指数刻划的结构体系的模糊震害等级,提出了结构模糊动力可靠性分析和损失估计的具体方法,从而使优化设计模型中各有关量的分析和计算得以具体地实现。     

Signatures of different carbon bonds in graphene oxide from soft x‐ray reflectometry

In graphene oxide, the graphite lattice is intercalated with oxygen groups that bond to carbon atoms. These groups have a bearing on the possibility of using graphene oxide as a precursor to make graphene. The nature of carbon bonds in graphene oxide has been characterized with soft x‐ray reflection spectroscopy across the carbon K‐edge. Results distinguish graphene oxide synthesized with Hummers' method from that made using a method suggested by Tour. The observed spectra are consistent with those from near‐edge x‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. In particular, the expected carbon K‐edge resonances associated with excitations into molecular π*‐ and σ*‐states of C? C bonds can be identified. Importantly, the greater oxidation efficiency of the method by Tour may be the reason for the observation of additional resonances that have been assigned to carbon bonding with molecular groups containing oxygen. The additional resonances have been interpreted as the excitations of carbon 1 s electrons into the carbonyl π*(C?O) orbital in the molecular group –COOH and into the hydroxyl π*(C? OH) orbital, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cascade arrangement of irregular optical phased arrays

We present the principle of cascade arrangement of irregular optical phased arrays. The optical phased-array beam deflector comprises arrayed optical waveguides that are spaced irregularly and arranged in a two-stage cascade. Relations between optical path differences and corresponding center-to-center spacings among elements in each stage are found, and phase matches between the two stages are achieved. Simulation shows a wide scanning angle with dramatically suppressed sidelobes.     

硅土/酚酞聚芳醚砜复合材料的制备及性能

使用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对硅土进行功能化改性,将功能化的硅土掺入酚酞聚芳醚砜(PES-C)中制备复合材料,并对其热学性能、力学性能及阻隔性能进行表征分析。结果表明,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷使硅土片层的层间距变大,使硅土处于半剥离状态,且通过溶液共混将表面修饰的片层硅土掺杂于PES-C中更有利于PES-C分子链的插入。所制备的复合材料的T-5%、T-10%和T max分别提升了10.2、10和3.9℃。另外,复合材料的拉伸强度提升8.4 MPa,断裂伸长率提升2.4%,模量提升560.7 MPa。复合材料的氧气渗透系数(P O 2)降低77.4%。