中国城市家庭教养方式的阶层差异：基于不同数据和测量的交叉验证

社会学家提出并论证了家庭教养方式存在阶级或阶层差异的理论命题,定量研究虽然不断对此进行跨学科检验,但过多测量的是具体的教养行为而非整体的教养方式。这个问题在国内相关研究中被延续了下来,甚至带来结论性的争议。转向测量类型化的教养方式,使用职业、教育和综合地位作为阶层的三重指标,可以重新检验中国城市社会阶层之间是否存在教养方式的显著区别。经过对上海和全国数据中不同测量方法的交叉验证,得出如下结论：教养方式确实存在阶层之间的差异,经济社会地位越高的家庭越可能采取权威型或民主型教养方式,而非专制型或放任型教养方式。     

监管技术巨头：技术力量作为市场支配地位认定因素之再审视

如何有效规制技术巨头已然成为当前《反垄断法》修订的重要任务。技术力量虽然作为传统的市场支配地位认定要素,但长期以来呈现被虚置化的客观状态,致使技术巨头市场支配地位的认定难度增大,技术力量自身的传导效应被显著低估。数字技术对市场竞争的影响异于以往,其通过平台、数据、算法的数字市场三维结构框架影响生产与交易的全过程。技术与三维结构结合所形成的技术力量极为强大,超越了以控制价格为主的传统市场力量,结合社会与资本力量形成了更牢固的市场固化结构。在判断技术巨头的市场支配地位时,亟需发挥技术力量作为非价格型认定要素的重要作用。应当摒弃虚置技术力量作为市场支配地位认定要素的固有症结,提高技术力量在认定市场支配地位时所占权重,回归结构性视角,妥善防范技术巨头无序扩张。     

创新导向减税与就业结构升级—基于研发费用加计扣除的检验

创新在中国经济社会发展中的作用愈发突出,如何促进高技能劳动力向创新主体部门集聚,值得深入探索。基于2018年企业所得税研发费用加计扣除比例提升冲击,利用A股上市公司2016−2019年数据,本文研究了创新导向减税对就业结构的影响。研究发现,加计扣除比例提升显著提高了企业雇佣劳动力中研究生所占比例,促进了企业创新人力资本积累。异质性分析显示,政策在非公有制企业、主板上市企业中效果更明显。对企业各层次雇佣规模的评估表明,雇佣总量及研究生、本科生雇佣数均有所提高,同时本科以下学历人员并未明显减少,这意味着政策未产生明显的挤出效应,高技能劳动力雇佣的增加并不以低技能劳动力的减少为代价。综合来看,政策不但能促进企业加大研发投入,还有助于提高全要素生产率和盈利水平。本文结论为通过实施结构性减税,推动创新驱动发展提供了经验支撑。     

Effects of the laser surface treatment on the mechanical properties of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses

Surfaces of three types of CuZr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were modified by laser surface treatment (LST), and the influence of the treatment on structure and mechanical properties of these alloys was investigated. The phase structure of as-cast and laser-treated samples was characterized by XRD and the morphology of the alloys after fracture was examined by SEM. The compressive plasticity of treated Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 and Cu46.5Zr47.5Al5Co1 BMGs can be improved from 0.5% to 2.0% and from 1.2% to 5.7% respectively compared with the as-cast ones, while (Cu0.55Zr0.40Al0.05)99Er1 BMG shows insignificant change of plasticity. The improvement in plasticity is attributed to induced crystallization of B2 CuZr phase in the treated surface zone of selected metallic glasses.     

Tensor force effect on proton shell structure in neutron-rich Ca isotopes

In the framework of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach with 36 sets of the TI J parameterizations,the tensor force effect on the evolution of the single-proton states in the calcium isotopes is systematically investigated.It is shown that the single-proton states with higher angular momenta are influenced significantly by the tensor force and the trend in the evolution of somesingle-particle energy differences with the mass number of the isotopes depends sensitively on a parameter βT associated with the intensity of the tensor force.To understand this phenomenon,we analyze the spin-orbit potentials and the radial wave functions of relevant single-proton orbits in detail.In addition,it is found that some TI J interactions could cause the 2s1/21d3/2 energy level inversion in 48Ca.     

Application of wavelet transform in-ray spectra analysis

The frequency distribution of different ingredients in-ray spectra,e.g.,photo-peak,fluctuations of counts and Compton region,is separately analyzed.After wavelet transform of-ray spectra,the wavelet coefficients of a photo-peak increase with transforming scales and these coefficients show direct proportion with intensity of peak at determinate scale.A novel algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed and studied.The results indicate that most of the photo-peaks in multi-spectra can be determined accurately,the-rays energy and intensity of the peak can also be determined.This method has the prospect of being applied in on-line multi-spectra analysis in such fields as radioprotection and nuclear safety monitoring.     

ISOVALEROYL OXOKADSURANE,A NOVEL DIBENZOCYCLOOCTADIENE LIGNAN POSSESSING A SPIROBENZOPURANOID SKELETON

Isovaleroyl oxokadsurane, a novel dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan pos-sessing a spirobenzofuranoid skeleton was isolated from the stems of Kadsura coccinea.Its structure and relative configuration were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

CuNaY分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化

采用多种铜盐溶液与NaY分子筛离子交换制备了CuNaY催化剂,通过加入氨水提高溶液pH值以及高温活化,显著提高了该催化剂对甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的反应活性。不同的铜盐水溶液交换制备的CuNaY催化剂催化活性不同,添加氨水将溶液pH值调节为11后,离子交换制备的CuNaY催化剂的催化活性和DMC选择性明显升高且趋于一致。经元素分析、XRD、XPS和H₂-TPR表征可知,加入氨水可促进Cu²⁺离子交换的进行,提高CuNaY催化剂中Cu的交换量,催化剂中约75%的Cu²⁺定位于分子筛的超笼中。