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31.
Pileio G Concistrè M McLean N Gansmüller A Brown RC Levitt MH 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2007,186(1):65-74
Many important double-quantum recoupling techniques in solid-state NMR are classified as being gamma-encoded. This means that the phase of the double-quantum effective Hamiltonian, but not its amplitude, depends on the third Euler angle defining the orientation of the molecular spin system in the frame of the magic-angle-spinning rotor. In this paper, we provide closed analytical solutions for the dependence of the powder-average double-quantum-filtered signal on the recoupling times, within the average Hamiltonian approximation for gamma-encoded pulse sequences. The validity of the analytical solutions is tested by numerical simulations. The internuclear distance in a (13)C(2)-labelled retinal is estimated by fitting the analytical curves to experimental double-quantum data. 相似文献
32.
Long-lived singlet states have been observed in the solution NMR of spin systems containing more than two coupled spins, despite the fact that the singlet state is expected to be quenched by small long-range J-couplings. We show that the stability of localized singlet states may be explained by taking into account the intra-pair J-coupling between the two spins which participate in the singlet state. The relatively strong intra-pair J-coupling protects the singlet state against quenching by weaker out-of-pair J-couplings. 相似文献
33.
The role of copper(II) and zinc(II) in the degradation of human and murine IAPP by insulin‐degrading enzyme 下载免费PDF全文
Amylin or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a 37‐residue peptide hormone secreted from the pancreatic islets into the blood circulation and is cleared by peptidases in the kidney. IAPP aggregates are strongly associated with β‐cell degeneration in type 2 diabetes, as demonstrated by the fact that more than 95% of patients exhibit IAPP amyloid upon autopsy. Recently, it has been reported that metal ions such as copper(II) and zinc(II) are implicated in the aggregation of IAPP as well as able to modulate the proteolytic activity of IAPP degrading enzymes. For this reason, in this work, the role of the latter metal ions in the degradation of IAPP by insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) has been investigated by a chromatographic and mass spectrometric combined method. The latter experimental approach allowed not only to assess the overall metal ion inhibition of the human and murine IAPP degradation by IDE but also to have information on copper‐ and zinc‐induced changes in IAPP aggregation. In addition, IDE cleavage site preferences in the presence of metal ions are rationalized as metal ion‐induced changes in substrate accessibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we propose and numerically study a nonlinear, asymmetric, passive metamaterial that achieves giant non-reciprocity with (i) broadband frequency operation and... 相似文献
35.
Michele Lo Giudice Giuseppe Varone Cosimo Ieracitano Nadia Mammone Giovanbattista Gaspare Tripodi Edoardo Ferlazzo Sara Gasparini Umberto Aguglia Francesco Carlo Morabito 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(1)
The differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) may be difficult, due to the lack of distinctive clinical features. The interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) signal may also be normal in patients with ES. Innovative diagnostic tools that exploit non-linear EEG analysis and deep learning (DL) could provide important support to physicians for clinical diagnosis. In this work, 18 patients with new-onset ES (12 males, 6 females) and 18 patients with video-recorded PNES (2 males, 16 females) with normal interictal EEG at visual inspection were enrolled. None of them was taking psychotropic drugs. A convolutional neural network (CNN) scheme using DL classification was designed to classify the two categories of subjects (ES vs. PNES). The proposed architecture performs an EEG time-frequency transformation and a classification step with a CNN. The CNN was able to classify the EEG recordings of subjects with ES vs. subjects with PNES with 94.4% accuracy. CNN provided high performance in the assigned binary classification when compared to standard learning algorithms (multi-layer perceptron, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis). In order to interpret how the CNN achieved this performance, information theoretical analysis was carried out. Specifically, the permutation entropy (PE) of the feature maps was evaluated and compared in the two classes. The achieved results, although preliminary, encourage the use of these innovative techniques to support neurologists in early diagnoses. 相似文献
36.
Angelo Scarciglia Enza Di Gregorio Silvio Aime Giuseppe Ferrauto 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(8)
8-Hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) is a small, hydrophilic fluorescent molecule. Since the pKa of the hydroxyl group is close to neutrality and quickly responds to pH changes, it is widely used as a pH-reporter in cell biology for measurements of intracellular pH. HPTS fluorescence (both excitation and emission spectra) at variable pH was measured in pure water in the presence of NaCl solution or in the presence of different buffers (PBS or hepes in the presence or not of NaCl) and in a solution containing BSA. pKa values have been obtained from the sigmoidal curves. Herein, we investigated the effect of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations (Na+, Ca2+, La3+, Gd3+) on fluorescence changes and proposed its use for the quantification of trivalent cations (e.g., gadolinium ions) present in solution as acqua-ions. Starting from the linear regression, the LoD value of 6.32 µM for the Gd3+ detection was calculated. The effects on the emission were also analyzed in the presence of a combination of Gd3+ at two different concentrations and the previously indicated mono and di-valent ions. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a qualitative method to investigate the intracellular Gd3+ release upon the administration of Gd-based contrast agents in murine macrophages. 相似文献
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39.
Curto CA Placidi G Sotgiu A Alecci M 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2004,171(2):353-358
We present an open volume, high isolation, RF system suitable for pulsed NMR and EPR spectrometers with reduced dead time. It comprises a set of three RF surface coils disposed with mutually parallel RF fields and a double-channel receiver (RX). Theoretical and experimental results obtained with a prototype operating at about 100 MHz are reported. Each surface RF coil (diameter 5.5 cm) was tuned to f0 = 100.00 ± 0.01 MHz when isolated. Because of the mutual coupling and the geometry of the RF coils, only two resonances at f1 = 97.94 MHz and f2 = 101.85 MHz were observed. We show they are associated with two different RF field spatial distributions. In continuous mode (CW) operation the isolation between the TX coil and one of the RX coils (single-channel) was about −10 dB. By setting the double-channel RF assembly in subtraction mode the isolation values at f1 or f2 could be optimised to about −75 dB. Following a TX RF pulse (5 μs duration) an exponential decay with time constant of about 600 ns was observed. The isolation with single-channel RX coil was about −11 dB and it increased to about −47 dB with the double-channel RX in subtraction mode. Similar results were obtained with the RF pulse frequency selected to f2 and also with shorter (500 ns) RF pulses. The above geometrical parameters and operating frequency of the RF assembly were selected as a model for potential applications in solid state NMR and in free radical EPR spectroscopy and imaging. 相似文献
40.
Giuseppe Gaeta 《Annals of Physics》2004,312(2):511-540
In the Landau theory of phase transitions one considers an effective potential Φ whose symmetry group G and degree d depend on the system under consideration; generally speaking, Φ is the most general G-invariant polynomial of degree d. When such a Φ turns out to be too complicate for a direct analysis, it is essential to be able to drop unessential terms, i.e., to apply a simplifying criterion. Criteria based on singularity theory exist and have a rigorous foundation, but are often very difficult to apply in practice. Here we consider a simplifying criterion (as stated by Gufan) and rigorously justify it on the basis of classical Lie-Poincaré theory as far as one deals with fixed values of the control parameter(s) in the Landau potential; when one considers a range of values, in particular near a phase transition, the criterion has to be accordingly partially modified, as we discuss. We consider some specific cases of group G as examples, and study in detail the application to the Sergienko-Gufan-Urazhdin model for highly piezoelectric perovskites. 相似文献