全文获取类型
收费全文 | 821篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 405篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 78篇 |
数学 | 190篇 |
物理学 | 173篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 50篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 36篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 31篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1931年 | 4篇 |
1870年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有847条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Giulio Peruginelli 《代数通讯》2015,43(1):197-211
We describe an algorithm to compute the different factorizations of a given image primitive integer-valued polynomial f(X) = g(X)/d ∈ ?[X], where g ∈ ?[X] and d ∈ ? is square-free, assuming that the factorizations of g(X) in ?[X] and d in ? are known. We translate this problem into a combinatorial one. 相似文献
92.
Multi-component, regio-selective aldol addition of β-ketoesters to aldehydes: scope and applications
More V Di Mola A Croce G Tedesco C Petronzi C Peduto A De Caprariis P Filosa R Massa A 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2011,9(24):8483-8488
Simple and effective multi-component one-pot aldol addition/protection reactions of β-ketoesters to a series of aldehydes in the presence Me(3)SiCl and i-Pr(2)EtN have been described. The analysis of the scope of the reaction revealed a dramatic dependence of the reactivity on the substrates used. Thus the effect of a catalytic amount of DMF and different reaction conditions was widely investigated. Further transformations of the aldol adducts were particularly useful to give valuable diols and compounds with quaternary stereocenters, while X-ray structural analysis gave also important stereochemical information about this challenging reaction. 相似文献
93.
Capriotti AL Caracciolo G Cavaliere C Crescenzi C Pozzi D Laganà A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(4):1195-1202
The knowledge about the interaction between plasma proteins and nanocarriers employed for in vivo delivery is fundamental
to understand their biodistribution. Protein adsorption onto nanoparticle surface (protein corona) is strongly affected by
vector surface characteristics. In general, the primary interaction is thought to be electrostatic, thus surface charge of
carrier is supposed to play a central role in protein adsorption. Because protein corona composition can be critical in modifying
the interactive surface that is recognized by cells, characterizing its formation onto lipid particles may serve as a fundamental
predictive model for the in vivo efficiency of a lipidic vector. In the present work, protein coronas adsorbed onto three
differently charged cationic liposome formulations were compared by a shotgun proteomic approach based on nano-liquid chromatography–high-resolution
mass spectrometry. About 130 proteins were identified in each corona, with only small differences between the different cationic
liposome formulations. However, this study could be useful for the future controlled design of colloidal drug carriers and
possibly in the controlled creation of biocompatible surfaces of other devices that come into contact with proteins into body
fluids. 相似文献
94.
Pettinari C Marchetti F Lupidi G Quassinti L Bramucci M Petrelli D Vitali LA da Silva MF Martins LM Smoleński P Pombeiro AJ 《Inorganic chemistry》2011,50(21):11173-11183
Five new silver(I) complexes of formulas [Ag(Tpms)] (1), [Ag(Tpms)(PPh(3))] (2), [Ag(Tpms)(PCy(3))] (3), [Ag(PTA)][BF(4)] (4), and [Ag(Tpms)(PTA)] (5) {Tpms = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methanesulfonate, PPh(3) = triphenylphosphane, PCy(3) = tricyclohexylphosphane, PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane} have been synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and IR spectroscopic techniques. The single crystal X-ray diffraction study of 3 shows the Tpms ligand acting in the N(3)-facially coordinating mode, while in 2 and 5 a N(2)O-coordination is found, with the SO(3) group bonded to silver and a pendant free pyrazolyl ring. Features of the tilting in the coordinated pyrazolyl rings in these cases suggest that this inequivalence is related with the cone angles of the phosphanes. A detailed study of antimycobacterial and antiproliferative properties of all compounds has been carried out. They were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the standard strains Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), Streptococcus pyogenes (SF37), Streptococcus sanguinis (SK36), Streptococcus mutans (UA159), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and the fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 24443). Complexes 1-5 have been found to display effective antimicrobial activity against the series of bacteria and fungi, and some of them are potential candidates for antiseptic or disinfectant drugs. Interaction of Ag complexes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, using ethidium bromide (EB) as a fluorescence probe of DNA. The decrease in the fluorescence of DNA-EB system on addition of Ag complexes shows that the fluorescence quenching of DNA-EB complex occurs and compound 3 is particularly active. Complexes 1-5 exhibit pronounced antiproliferative activity against human malignant melanoma (A375) with an activity often higher than that of AgNO(3), which has been used as a control, following the same order of activity inhibition on DNA, i.e., 3 > 2 > 1 > 5 > AgNO(3)? 4. 相似文献
95.
Blangetti M Croce G Deagostino A Mussano E Prandi C Venturello P 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2011,76(6):1814-1820
The direct addition of metalated alkoxydiene 2, obtained from α,β-unsaturated acetal 1 through a LIC-KOR-promoted conjugated elimination reaction, to enantiopure sulfinimines 3 (both R and SN-sulfinyl imines) afforded N-sulfinyl alkoxydienyl amines 4 with high diastereoselectivity. Functionalized enantiopure alkoxydienyl amines 5 were then easily obtained upon the selective removal of the chiral auxiliary under mild conditions. Moreover, the further hydrolysis of the alkoxydienyl moiety gave access to protected enantiopure β-keto amines 7. 相似文献
96.
97.
Accolla M Congiu E Dulieu F Manicò G Chaabouni H Matar E Mokrane H Lemaire JL Pirronello V 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(17):8037-8045
The morphology of water ice in the interstellar medium is still an open question. Although accretion of gaseous water could not be the only possible origin of the observed icy mantles covering dust grains in cold molecular clouds, it is well known that water accreted from the gas phase on surfaces kept at 10 K forms ice films that exhibit a very high porosity. It is also known that in the dark clouds H(2) formation occurs on the icy surface of dust grains and that part of the energy (4.48 eV) released when adsorbed atoms react to form H(2) is deposited in the ice. The experimental study described in the present work focuses on how relevant changes of the ice morphology result from atomic hydrogen exposure and subsequent recombination. Using the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique and a method of inversion analysis of TPD spectra, we show that there is an exponential decrease in the porosity of the amorphous water ice sample following D-atom irradiation. This decrease is inversely proportional to the thickness of the ice and has a value of ?(0) = 2 × 10(16) D-atoms cm(-2) per layer of H(2)O. We also use a model which confirms that the binding sites on the porous ice are destroyed regardless of their energy depth, and that the reduction of the porosity corresponds in fact to a reduction of the effective area. This reduction appears to be compatible with the fraction of D(2) formation energy transferred to the porous ice network. Under interstellar conditions, this effect is likely to be efficient and, together with other compaction processes, provides a good argument to believe that interstellar ice is amorphous and non-porous. 相似文献
98.
Piercarlo Mustarelli Corrado Tomasi Marco Villa Gian Battista Appetecchi Fausto Croce 《Ionics》1995,1(2):147-152
Two composite gel electrolytes prepared from mixtures of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate
(EC) and LiClO4 have been studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and7Li-6Li NMR. The data allow estimation of ionic conductivities, local (short range) diffusivities, and lattice dynamics. Furthermore,
they point to an unexpected behavior of the Li-rich sample that hints to a complex LiClO4-PAN phase diagram.
Paper presented at the 1st Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Zakynthos, Greece, September 11–18,1994 相似文献
99.
100.
The coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A review of the coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code is presented. This theory maintains that the origin of the code should be sought in the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids. In particular, some amino acids, the precursors, occupied the structure of the genetic code early on. As the product amino acids developed from these precursors, part or all of the codon domain of the precursor amino acid was ceded to the product amino acids, which resulted in the structuring of the genetic code. This paper therefore reviews the evidence in favour of this theory. The existence of some molecular fossils representing the biosynthetic pathways on which the coevolution theory suggests biosynthetic transformations took place (precursor amino acid → product amino acid) seems to be a strong corroboration of this theory. A generalisation imposed by this theory on the ancestral metabolic state is then discussed and, finally, the main prospects that seem to stem from the coevolution theory are presented. 相似文献