CP violation in the B→Kℓ<Superscript>+</Superscript>ℓ<Superscript>-</Superscript> decay

Standard model (SM) CP asymmetries in B→Kℓ⁺ℓ^- are expected to be very small. This feature could help in the understanding of new physics scenarios which predict the existence of CP odd phases in various Wilson coefficients. In this paper we have analyzed the B→Kℓ⁺ℓ^- decay in scenarios beyond the SM where the Wilson coefficients have new CP odd phases. The sensitivity of the CP asymmetries on these new weak phases is discussed. PACS 13.20.He; 12.60.-i; 13.88.+e     

Convenient Synthesis of 2-Allyl-3-bromo-1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene: Key Intermediate as Building Block for Bioactive Pyranonaphthoquinones

Synthesis of a key precursor 2-allyl-3-bromo-1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene (1) used in constructing various naturally occurring biologically active pyranonaphthoquinones is carried out utilizing easily available 1-methoxynaphthalene as a starting material. The synthesis was accomplished with Dakin's oxidation and Claisen rearrangement, thereby providing another easy approach toward (1) without involving highly lachrymatric 2-bromonaphthoquinone.     

DISPERSION OF CHOLESTEROL IN AQUEOUS SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS: INTERPRETATION OF VISCOSITY DATA

The viscosity of cholesterol dispersions in aqueous buffered surfactant solutions has been reported under progel conditions. The viscosity versus concentration curves pass through maximum which corresponds to the beginning of solubilization of cholesterol into the surfactant solutions. The stability of the dispersions has been explained by a mechanism involving formation of association complex between cholesterol and the surfactants through hydrogen bonding.     

Protein-Coated Microcrystals of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA lipase

Highly active Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase protein-coated microcrystals (PAL PCMC) have been prepared by immobilization of protein onto K₂SO₄ as excipient solid support carrier and n-propanol as precipitating solvent. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the formation of PAL PCMC. These PCMC were found to be a catalytically more active and stable preparation for p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis in n-heptane, compared to free lipase. The V _max, K _m, and temperature optimum for PAL PCMC increased from 0.49 to 5.66 nmol min^?1 mg^?1, 589 to 679.8 mmol, and 40°C to 45°C, respectively. These were thermally more stable with 4.65, 2.56, and 1.24-fold improvement in half lives at 45°C, 55°C, and 60°C compared to free P. aeruginosa PseA lipase. Their catalytic efficiency was enhanced by tenfold over that of free enzyme. PAL PCMC offer a simple and effective technique for obtaining stable and efficient lipase preparation for biocatalysis in nonaqueous medium.     

Organosilicon(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes as biocides and nematicides: synthetic,spectroscopic and biological studies of N∩N donor sulfonamide imine and its chelates

A brief account is given of the synthesis and stereochemistry and the antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal and insecticidal behaviour of organosilicon(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes of a biologically potent ligand, 2‐acetylfuransulfaguanidine. The unimolar and bimolar substitution products have been characterized by elemental analyses, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations, and spectral studies, viz. IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, UV, ²⁹Si NMR and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectra. The data support the binding of the nitrogen atom to the metal atom in R₃M(N^∩N), [R₂M(N^∩N)₂ and R₂M(N^∩N)Cl [(R = Me/Ph and M = Si(IV) and Sn(IV)] types of complex. Based on these studies, with coordination number five and six a trigonal bipyramidal and an octahedral geometry have been proposed for the resulting derivatives. The free ligand (N^∩NH) and its respective metal complexes were tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms to assess their antimicrobial properties. The results are indeed positive. In addition to these studies, the complexes also show good nematicidal and insecticidal properties. The results of these findings have been discussed in detail. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Observation of B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(980) and evidence for B(s)⁰→J/ψf₀(1370)

We report the observation of B(s)?→J/ψf?(980) and evidence for B(s)?→J/ψf?(1370), which are CP eigenstate decay modes. These results are obtained from 121.4 fb?1 of data collected at the Υ(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e? collider. We measure the branching fractions B(B(s)?→J/ψf?(980); f?(980)→π(+)π?)=(1.16(-0.19)(+0.31)(stat)(-0.17)(+0.15)(syst)(-0.18)(+0.26)(N(B(s)((*))B(s)((*)))))×10?? with a significance of 8.4σ, and B(B(s)?→J/ψf?(1370); f?(1370)→π(+)π?)=(0.34(-0.14)(+0.11)(stat)(-0.02)(+0.03)(syst)(-0.05)(+0.08)(N(B(s)((*))B(s)((*)))))×10?? with a significance of 4.2σ. The last error listed is due to uncertainty in the number of produced B(s)((*))B(s)((*)) pairs.     

Speciation of Mixtures of Copper (I) and Copper (II) Mixed Ligand Complexes by X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

Studies on speciation have been done in the mixtures of mixed ligand copper complexes. Three heterogeneous mixtures have been studied, each having one Cu(I) complex and one Cu(II) complex. The Cu(I) complex is [Cu(thu)Cl 0.5H₂O] (1) and the Cu(II) complexes are [Cu(L-phen)(bpy) H₂O] (2), [Cu(L-tyr)(phn) 2.5H₂O] (3), and [Cu(dien)(ina) 4H₂O.1/2SO₄] (4) (where thu = thiourea, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, tyr = tyrosine, dien = diethylenetriamine, and ina = isonicotinate anion). The mixtures have been prepared by mixing the Cu(I) complex with each of the Cu(II) complexes in the ratio of 1:1 by mole percentage. The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra have been recorded at the K-edge of copper in the mixtures as well as in the complexes, separately. The aim of the present work is to make a study of the different methods of speciation using XAFS, viz., principal component analysis (PCA) and the target transformation (TT) method, the linear combination fitting (LCF) method, derivative spectra methods, and normalized difference absorption edge spectra (NDAES) analysis. It has been shown that these methods can be used to determine the relative quantity of the mixed ligand complexes in their mixtures.     

Robust adaptive speed control of uncertain hybrid electric vehicle using electronic throttle control with varying road grade

The design objective of this paper is to apply various control techniques to control the speed of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) using an electronic throttle control system (ETCS). The DC servo motor is used for controlling the angular position of the throttle valve. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID), a self-tuning fuzzy PID (STF-PID) controller and a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) with a sliding mode (SM) adaptation mechanism are used for controlling the speed of the nonlinear vehicle. The integral error performance indices (IEPI) such as the integral of the absolute error (IAE), the integral of the square of error (ISE) and the time domain performance specifications such as overshoot (OS), settling time (ST) and rise time (RT) are taken into consideration for the performance analysis of HEV. The robust H_∞ controller using mixed sensitivity approach is designed and implemented for the linearized HEV. The robust stability of uncertain HEV with H_∞ controller using Kharitonov’s theorem is analyzed, and the stability margin of the linearized vehicle system is determined. These control techniques are developed to achieve the robust performance of the throttle controlled HEV with the target to achieve a wide range of speed, fuel economy, reduced pollution and improved efficiency.     

XAFS study of aqua (diethylenetriamine)(isonicotinato)‐copper(II) complex – inference of square‐pyramidal geometry

X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of aqua (diethylenetriamine) (isonicotinato) copper(II) complex has been investigated. The crystal structure of the complex is unavailable. The X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum of the complex has been compared with those of the standard compounds to estimate the coordination geometry and oxidation state of copper. This study indicates that the copper center has +2 oxidation state and that it may be penta or hexa‐coordinated. The spectrum has been further compared with those of the earlier studied complexes having square‐pyramidal geometry. Similarity has been observed between them indicating that the complex should have penta‐coordinated square‐pyramidal geometry. The same inference has been obtained from the study of the characteristic pre‐edge and XANES features. This inference has been further examined by analysis of the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum. The experimental EXAFS data has been fitted with three different theoretical models for tetra‐coordination, penta‐coordination, and hexa‐coordination. The tetra model is unable to provide a satisfactory fit so it has been ignored. Although the penta and hexa models give comparable results, the parameters obtained indicate that the penta‐coordinated model fits better to the experimental data than the hexa‐coordinated model. This penta‐coordinated model has been further fitted to the experimental data by allowing the coordination number to vary. Such fitting also shows that the penta‐coordinated model is a satisfactory model for the studied complex. The obtained values of mean‐square disorder indicate that the force constants are different for the equatorial and axial bonds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of robot states with poisson process based on EKF approximate of Kushner filter: a completely coordinate free Lie group approach

Meccanica - In this paper, a Lie coordinate-free torque based Euler–Lagrange equations of motion are developed for a 3-D link (3-DOF) robot. Intentional torque and jerky torque...