C语言编程在精馏实验数据处理中的应用

在以水-乙醇溶液为基础进行的精馏塔效率测定实验中,数据处理过程耗时,且通过一般手工作图法所得理论塔板数结果存在较大误差。根据逐板计算法原理,运用C语言编程进行数据处理,将结果输出为dat格式文件,并直接导入Origin 9.0软件中作图。该方法不仅对于有一定编程基础的学生而言通俗易懂、操作简单、结果准确、极为高效,而且有助于进一步改善现有教学方法。     

A convenient and practical heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides with formic acid as carbon monoxide source

A practical heterogeneous palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids under carbon monoxide gas‐free conditions has been developed using a bidentate phosphino‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticle‐immobilized palladium(II) complex as catalyst. Formic acid was utilized as the carbon monoxide source with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the activator, and a wide variety of biaryl ketones were generated in moderate to high yields. The new heterogeneous palladium catalyst can be prepared via a simple procedure and can easily be separated from a reaction mixture by simply applying an external magnet and recycled up to 10 times without any loss of activity.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对油中酚类物质的吸附性能

煤焦油中酚类物质的有效分离,可实现其高附加值利用。针对酚类物质的分离,本研究采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为吸附剂,研究了其对模型油中邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、1-萘酚和2-萘酚等的吸附性能。研究发现,PVP对酚类物质具有较大的吸附容量,其中对间甲酚、对甲酚、1-萘酚和2-萘酚的最大吸附量均可达1000 mg/g以上。同时发现,PVP上的Lewis碱性位点(C=O和C-N)可与酚羟基之间形成氢键作用,该作用的强度受酚类物质空间位阻影响。PVP具有一定的吸附选择性,在苯并呋喃或喹啉存在下,依然能够有效吸附2-萘酚。此外,使用过的PVP可再生并重复利用,同时实现酚的回收。可见,PVP是一种可用于分离煤焦油中酚类物质的优良吸附剂。     

应用化学"113"人才培养体系的探索

In order to bridge the gap between the supply and the demand of talent cultivation, the existing talent cultivation system of applied chemistry specialty is reformed and a new "113" talent cultivation system is guided by Outcome-Based Education (OBE) education. The advanced engineering education mode is adopted to provide students with an engineering education based on the background environment of the conceptual-design-implementation-operation (CDIO) process. The characteristic "three modernizations" education mechanism, namely, cooperative education, family training and personalized guidance, are implemented. By building a new system of "113" talents training, an engineering talent training environment is formed, which takes the family as a unit, the enterprise as the background, and the project as the carrier. The problem of separating the supply from the demand of talents training for applied chemistry specialty will be fundamentally solved.     

共沉淀法制备的CuGa2O4及其气敏性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CuGa_2O_4粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对CuGa_2O_4粉体进行了表征。研究了热处理温度和pH对CuGa_2O_4粉体气敏性能的影响,实验结果表明热处理温度为800℃,pH=6.00(热处理4h)条件下制备出的CuGa_2O_4粉体,在室温下(18±2)℃对三甲胺(TMA)具有较好的气敏选择性和较高灵敏度,对1 000μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度达到310.1,响应和恢复时间分别约为590和80 s,对1μL·L~(-1)的TMA的灵敏度可达到1.3。     

基于磺酰基杯[4]芳烃的Co16笼簇的合成、结构及电化学性质

以氯化钴、 对叔丁基磺酰杯[4]芳烃(H₄TC4A-SO₂)和非对称性3-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酸(H₂L)为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了一个具有四面体配位笼结构的16核化合物[Co₁₆(TC4A-SO₂)₄(OH)₄(L)₈]·[(C₈H₂₀N)(C₄H₁₂N)₂(C₂H₈N)]·solvent(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂). 采用X射线单晶衍射、 X射线粉末衍射、 热重分析、 红外光谱方法对配合物进行了表征. 将Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂笼簇直接负载到碳纸上(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP)用作工作电极, 其对析氧反应(OER)展现出较好的催化性能. 在1 mol/L KOH中, Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP在343.8 mV的过电位下达到10.0 mA/cm ²电流密度, Tafel斜率为79.31 mV/dec, 并且在20.0 mA/cm ²电流密度下表现出长达48 h的催化稳定性.     

两个由两性二酸配体构筑的Cd(Ⅱ)低维配合物的合成、结构及荧光性质

利用合成的两性离子二酸配体1-(4-carboxylatobenzyl)pyridinium-4-carboxylate(HL), 通过调变合成条件, 制备了2个低维的配合物{Cd(L)₂·4H₂O}_n(1), 和{[Cd(L)(N₃)]·3H₂O}_n (2), 并对其进行了元素分析(EA)、红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)、荧光光谱及X-射线单晶衍射测定。分析结果显示化合物1中八配位的Cd(Ⅱ)离子被4个L配体连接形成一维链状结构。而化合物2中六配位的Cd(Ⅱ)离子被双羧基-叠氮三重桥联形成二维层状结构。固体荧光测试表明配体的配位方式明显影响其荧光发射。     

负载型双金属铁钯纳米催化降解微囊藻毒素-LR

探讨膨润土负载双金属铁钯(B-Fe/Pd)纳米材料催化降解微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的效果和机理.结果表明,在5mgL-1的MC-LR溶液中加入0.1g的纳米B-Fe/Pd,初始pH为6.86,振荡速度为250rmin-1,温度为298K的条件下,经过180min后对MC-LR的降解效率达96.86%.降解溶液的UV-vis和HPLC结果表明,MC-LR在238nm的特征峰消失.通过SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR和XPS技术对B-Fe/Pd降解前后的样品进行表征,结果显示,降解后纳米B-Fe/Pd中的Fe形成了Fe的氧化物与氢氧化物.降解过程的动力学拟合结果显示,B-Fe/Pd降解MC-LR符合伪一级动力学,活化能为12.77kJmol-1.根据降解、表征和动力学结果分析其反应机理,推断是MC-LR首先吸附在B-Fe/Pd颗粒表面,接着纳米铁与水反应产生的氢气在Pd的催化作用下产生大量的氢自由基,并与MC-LR发生链式还原反应,使得MC-LR中最具毒性的共轭双键断开而降解.     

黄渤海近岸海域酚类内分泌干扰物分布特征及其来源解析

在黄渤海近岸海域采集了34个水体样品,利用HPLC-MS/MS分析了双酚A、辛基酚、壬基酚、2,4-二氯酚、对叔丁基苯酚和对特辛基苯酚等6种酚类内分泌干扰物的含量,并探讨了其分布特征及来源.结果表明,中国北部近岸海域6种酚类内分泌干扰物的含量范围在5.25～1351.20ng/mL之间.结合因子分析和层次聚类分析结果,说明渤海、黄海近岸海域中酚类化合物主要以辛基酚、壬基酚、2,4-二氯酚为主,局部海域伴有双酚A的高残留;从整个海域范围看,黄渤海近岸海域水体中酚类化合物污染状况具有区域特征,整体呈现出南高北低的特点,且酚类物质分布具有明显的地区特性,一定程度上具有聚集性;来源解析结果表明黄渤海近岸海域中酚类内分泌干扰物主要来源为生活污水和工业废水.     

Two New Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.

Two new abietane‐type diterpenoids, named triptobenzene R ( 1 ) and triptobenzene S ( 2 ), together with three known abietane‐type diterpenoids, triptophenolide ( 3 ), triptonodiol ( 4 ), and triptonoterpene methyl ether ( 5 ), were isolated from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook . f. Their structures and relative configurations were established by detailed spectral studies, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and HR‐ESI‐TOF‐MS, and by comparison with published data. Their absolute configurations were assigned by the CD technique, applied for the first time to abietane diterpenes from Tripterygium wilfordii. Compound 2 is the first abietane‐type norditerpenoid isolated from the genus Tripterygium.