Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of 1,2,4‐triazoles/polypyrrole chitosan core shell nanoparticles

Combination of natural biodegradable polymer with a synthetic polymer offers excellent properties for the support in drug delivery system. For this purpose, biodegradable conductive nanoparticle polypyrrole based on chitosan (PPC) has been prepared via oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in presence of chitosan using FeCl₃ as oxidant in acidic medium and used as a carrier for 1,2,4‐triazoles. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results indicate that spherical nanoparticle of average diameter 52 ± 8 nm was successfully prepared. The spherical particles were composed of dark sphere surrounded by grey shell. A circumferential dark ring is observed in the shell after loading 1,2,4‐triazoles into PPC nanoparticles. The loaded triazoles were released almost linearly against time in a sustained fashion into different pH media. The mechanism of triazoles release was determined using different kinetics equations. The antibacterial activities against the gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria were examined. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of PPC nanoparticles loaded 1,2,4‐triazoles was also examined against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Polypyrrole chitosan loaded nanoparticles exhibited higher antitumor activity than 1,2,4‐triazoles.     

Numerical and experimental studies of molten pool formation during an interaction of a pulse laser (Nd:YAG) with a magnesium alloy

A pulse laser (Nd:YAG) interaction with an AZ91 magnesium alloy has been experimentally and numerically studied. A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model of a molten pool created by a laser heat source has been developed. The elaborated model solves the coupled equations of a laminar fluid flow and heat transfer to demonstrate the flow behavior in the pool. This model takes into account the coupled effects of buoyancy and Marangoni forces, the thermophysic variation properties with temperature, and the radiation and convection heat losses. Concerning numerical results, the molten temperature distribution, velocity field and molten shape were discussed. It was noted that the Marangoni flow significantly alters the characteristics of the thawing and solidifying processes, and makes the molten pool wider and shallower. On the other hand, the experimental results showed that the material thermal properties have significant effects on the transport phenomena which takes place in the molten pool, and consequently on the formation as well as the shape of the pool. Finally, a comparison between the numerical and experimental results exhibited a good agreement.     

Colliding Solitons for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

We study the collision of two fast solitons for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the presence of a slowly varying external potential. For a high initial relative speed ||v|| of the solitons, we show that, up to times of order ||v|| after the collision, the solitons preserve their shape (in L ²-norm), and the dynamics of the centers of mass of the solitons is approximately determined by the external potential, plus error terms due to radiation damping and the extended nature of the solitons. We remark on how to obtain longer time scales under stronger assumptions on the initial condition and the external potential.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 1,3-thiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazine derivatives including a 5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenylpyrazole moiety

Abstract  

Potassium hydrazinecarbodithioate were prepared by treatment of acid hydrazides with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Reaction of this potassium salt with hydrazine hydrate, phenacyl bromide, or hydrazonoyl chlorides afforded 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3-thiazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. Reaction of 1,2,4-triazole with phenacyl bromide or hydrazonoyl chlorides afforded the corresponding 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1, 3, 4]-thiadiazines. All these new compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Some had promising activity.     

Synthesis,antiviral and antimicrobial screening of some new 2-oxoindoline derivatives

New 3-(2-(5-(aryldiazenyl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)indolin-2-ones were prepared by the reaction of isatin β-thiosemicarbazone with different hydrazonoyl chlorides. Imide derivatives were prepared by the reaction of isatin hydrazone with various anhydrides, and a series of new sulfonimides was also synthesized. All new compounds were tested for their biological activities.     

Multi-term fractional differential equation in reflexive Banach space

In this paper, we investigate the solvability of a multi-term fractional differential equation in a reflexive Banach space relative to weak topology. A particular case of our main result is treated.     

Memetic algorithms for solving job-shop scheduling problems

The job-shop scheduling problem is well known for its complexity as an NP-hard problem. We have considered JSSPs with an objective of minimizing makespan while satisfying a number of hard constraints. In this paper, we developed a memetic algorithm (MA) for solving JSSPs. Three priority rules were designed, namely partial re-ordering, gap reduction and restricted swapping, and used as local search techniques in our MA. We have solved 40 benchmark problems and compared the results obtained with a number of established algorithms in the literature. The experimental results show that MA, as compared to GA, not only improves the quality of solutions but also reduces the overall computational time.     

REPRESENTATION OF GENERALIZED TRANSLATIONS OF THE PRODUCT OF TWO FUNCTIONS ON SIGNED HYPERGROUPS ON THE REAL LINE

In this paper,we consider the generalized translations associated with the Dunkl and the Jacobi-Dunkl differential-difference operators on the real line which provide the structure of signed hrpergroups on R.Especially,we study the representation of the generalized translations of the product of two functions for these signed hypergroups.     

Towards Implementation of a Generalized Architecture for High-Level Quantum Programming Language

This paper investigates a novel architecture to the problem of quantum computer programming. A generalized architecture for a high-level quantum programming language has been proposed. Therefore, the programming evolution from the complicated quantum-based programming to the high-level quantum independent programming will be achieved. The proposed architecture receives the high-level source code and, automatically transforms it into the equivalent quantum representation. This architecture involves two layers which are the programmer layer and the compilation layer. These layers have been implemented in the state of the art of three main stages; pre-classification, classification, and post-classification stages respectively. The basic building block of each stage has been divided into subsequent phases. Each phase has been implemented to perform the required transformations from one representation to another. A verification process was exposed using a case study to investigate the ability of the compiler to perform all transformation processes. Experimental results showed that the efficacy of the proposed compiler achieves a correspondence correlation coefficient about R ≈ 1 between outputs and the targets. Also, an obvious achievement has been utilized with respect to the consumed time in the optimization process compared to other techniques. In the online optimization process, the consumed time has increased exponentially against the amount of accuracy needed. However, in the proposed offline optimization process has increased gradually.