Electrochemical properties and temperature dependence of a recombinant laccase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermus thermophilus</Emphasis>

The electrochemical properties of a laccase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 (Tth-laccase) were characterized. The gene encoding the laccase was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. One-step purification of the corresponding apo-enzyme was achieved by nickel-affinity chromatography. Copper was incorporated into the apo-laccase as the cofactor to yield the holo-enzyme. The temperature-dependent catalytic activity of the laccase was investigated by spectrophotometric as well as electrochemical methods. Specifically, the catalytic properties of the enzyme were characterized by employing a photometric assay based on the oxidation of the substrate 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS). The electroactive substrate ABTS can be also monitored by cyclic voltammetry, thus allowing for determination of the enzymatic activity electrochemically. It was found that the recombinant laccase exhibited higher activity as the temperature increased up to 65 °C. Spectroscopic studies of Tth-laccase based on circular dichroism and fluorescence measurements are consistent with a thermally stable secondary structure of the protein.     

Structure and behaviour of the free radicals generated in gamma irradiated amino acid and iminodiacetic acid derivatives

An EPR study has been carried out to investigate the structure and behaviour of the free radical formed γ-irradiated l-alaninamide hydrochloride, dl-glutamic acid monohydrate and N-(2-carboxyethyl) iminodiacetic acid powders at room temperature. The observed paramagnetic species have been attributed to the CH(3)?HCONH(2), HOOCCH(2)CH(2)?HCOOH and HOOCCH(2)CH(2)N?HCH(2)(COOH)(2) radicals, respectively. Some spectroscopic properties and suggestions concerning possible structure of the radicals were also discussed in this study.     

On Dirichlet <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>-functions with periodic coefficients and Eisenstein series

We prove a Lipschitz type summation formula with periodic coefficients. Using this formula, representations of the values at positive integers of Dirichlet L-functions with periodic coefficients are obtained in terms of Bernoulli numbers and certain sums involving essentially the discrete Fourier transform of the periodic function forming the coefficients. The non-vanishing of these L-functions at s = 1 are then investigated. There are additional applications to the Fourier expansions of Eisenstein series over congruence subgroups of \({SL_2(\mathbb{Z})}\) and derivatives of such Eisenstein series. Examples of a family of Eisenstein series with a high frequency of vanishing Fourier coefficients are given.     

Distribution of averages of Ramanujan sums

The average value of a certain normalization of Ramanujan sums is determined in terms of Bernoulli numbers and odd values of the Riemann zeta function. The distribution of values and limiting behavior of such a normalization are then studied along subsets of Beurling type integers with positive density and sequences of moduli with constraints on the number of distinct prime factors.     

Cu Nanoparticles Electrodeposited at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The electrochemical deposition of Cu nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 25–35 nm has been reported at liquid–liquid interfaces by using the organic‐phase electron‐donor decamethylferrocene (DMFc). The electrodeposited Cu nanoparticles display excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); this is the first reported catalytic effect of Cu nanoparticles at liquid–liquid interfaces.     

Determination of Minimum Enzymatic Decolorization Time of Reactive Dye Solution by Spectroscopic & Mathematical Approach

Synthetic dyes are very important for textile dyeing,paper printing,color photography and petroleum products.Traditional methods of dye removal include biodegradation,precipitation,adsorption,chemical degradation,photo degradation,and chemical coagulation.Dye decolorization with enzymatic reaction is an important issue for several research field(chemistry,environment)In this study,minimum decolorization time of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye with Horseradish peroxidase enzyme was calculated using with mathematical equation depending on experimental data.Dye decolorization was determined by monitoring the absorbance decrease at the specific maximum wavelength for dye.All experiments were carried out with different initial dye concentrations of Remazol Brilliant Blue R at 25 ℃ constant temperature for 30 minutes.The development of the least squares estimators for a nonlinear model brings about complications not encountered in the case of the linear model.Decolorization times for completely removal of dye were calculated according to equation.It was shown that mathematical equation was conformed exponential curve for dye degradation.     

Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-(2-Alkyl/aryl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phenylacetamides

An easy, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of N-(2-alkyl/aryl-4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phenylacetamides from the reaction of phenyl acylbromides and phenylacetohydrazide derivatives has been presented. Shorter reaction times, simple workup procedure, no catalyst requirement, and use of small quantities of organic solvent are the most obvious advantages of this protocol.     

A complex adaptive systems perspective of innovation diffusion: an integrated theory and validated virtual laboratory

In this paper we integrate the rich yet fragmented insights from the extensive literature on the diffusion of innovation into an elegant, coherent model. Using complex adaptive systems theory as the overarching framework, we integrate prior literature around three constructs: agents, interactions, and an environment. The integrated model is presented in both natural language and as an agent-based simulation model. A series of validation experiments instill confidence that our agent-based model (and similar others) can be used as a virtual research laboratory. We provide theoretical and methodological directions for future research.