Dμ—A new concept in industrial low-energy electron dosimetry

Irradiation with low-energy electrons (100–300 keV) results in dose gradients across the thickness of the dosimeters that are typically used for dose measurement at these energies. This leads to different doses being measured with different thickness dosimeters irradiated at the same electron beam, resulting in difficulties in providing traceable dose measurements using reference dosimeters. In order to overcome these problems a new concept is introduced of correcting all measured doses to the average dose in the first micrometer—D_μ. We have applied this concept to dose measurements with dosimeters of different thickness at two electron accelerators operating over a range of energies. The uncertainties of the dose measurements were evaluated, and it was shown that the dose in terms of D_μ was the same at each energy for all dosimeters within the measurement uncertainty. Using the concept of D_μ it is therefore possible to calibrate and measure doses from low-energy electron irradiations with measurement traceability to national standards.     

In-situ flow probe for improving the performance of electrochemical stripping analysis

Submersible flow probes, originally developed for in-situ electrochemical monitoring of trace metal contaminants, are used for minimizing common problems in stripping analysis, such as overlapping signals, intermetallic effects or ohmic distortions. These problems are alleviated via an internal delivery of an appropriate solution, containing a masking ligand, a third element, or a conductive matrix. Such attention to common problems, via in-situ manipulations of the collected metal, holds great promise for environmental and industrial applications. The coupling of fluid manipulations with the stripping sensor represents the first step towards the construction of miniaturised stripping analysers on a cable.