RD496微热量计的研制及其应用

简要回顾了热导式微热量计的建立和发展,着重介绍了RD496微热量计的研制历程.归纳并介绍了RD496微热量计在化学和材料研究中的应用,包括物质晶型转化温度和转化热、溶解热和混合热、生成反应焓的测定,化学反应热动力学、稀释结晶动力学的研究,比热容和固体材料导热系数的测定,材料原位生长的量热研究和材料的微量吸附量热研究等;另外,对于其在高分子化学及物理、生物化学及农业科学等方面的应用进行了叙述.     

Partially crystallized Pd nanoparticles decorated TiO2 prepared by atmospheric-pressure cold plasma and its enhanced photocatalytic performance

TiO2 decorated with partially crystallized Pd nanoparticles （Pd/TiO2-P） was successfully prepared by atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma. The XRD and XPS analyses proved that Pd ions were reduced to partially crystallized metallic Pd nanoparticles in Pd/TiO2-P. The XPS spectra also indicated that an enhanced metal-support interaction was formed due to the existence of partially crystallized Pd nanoparticles with lower coordination number in Pd/TiO2-P. Photocatalytic activity of Pd/TiO2-P was much higher than that of TiO2 samples decorated with well crystallized Pd nanoparticles.     

氟苯尼考胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的建立

建立了定量检测氟苯尼考的胶体金免疫层析方法.对胶体金标记抗体时溶液pH和抗体浓度、金标抗体用量、检测线上抗原浓度以及检测时间进行了优化.采用胶体金试纸条读取仪测定试纸条检测线和质控线的信号强度,以标准品的浓度为横坐标,阳性样本和阴性样本的检测线/质控线的信号比值(Bx/B0)为纵坐标建立标准曲线.结果表明,胶体金免疫层析试纸定量检测氟苯尼考的线性范围为0.1~1.5 ng/mL,检出限为0.08 ng/mL,检测时间为15 min.本方法具有简便、快速和可定量等特点,适于大批量样品的现场筛查.     

Mechanistic study of Ce-modified MnO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalysts with high NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-SCR performance and SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> resistance at low temperatures

A series of Ce–MnO _x /TiO₂ catalysts were prepared using a novel sol–gel template method and investigated for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ at temperatures ranging from 353 to 473 K. The 0.07Ce–MnO _x /TiO₂ catalyst showed the highest activity and best resistance to SO₂ poisoning. The structure and properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (TG)–differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)–mass spectroscopy (MS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and NH₃-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The superior catalytic activity of the 0.07Ce–MnO _x /TiO₂ catalyst was probably due to a change in the active components, an increase in surface active oxygen and surface acid sites, and lower crystallinity and larger surface area with Ce doping. Furthermore, the reduction ability also became stronger. The SO₂ poisoning resistance of the 0.07Ce–MnO _x /TiO₂ catalyst improved because doping with Ce can effectively decrease the formation of ammonium salt on the catalyst surface and the sulfation of MnO _x . In situ diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy experiments indicated that addition of Ce could promote adsorption of NH₃ and inhibit generation of some nitryl species. The SCR reactions over the catalysts mainly followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism accompanied with a partial Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism.     

利用扫描开尔文探针显微镜观察薄膜光电器件能级排布

薄膜光电器件的能级结构直接决定了载流子的产生、分离、传输、复合和收集等微观动力学过程,从而决定了器件性能。因此准确获取器件能级结构,是深入理解器件工作机制、推动器件技术革新的重要科学依据。此专论系统地介绍了本课题组利用扫描开尔文探针显微镜(SKPM)表征薄膜光电器件如有机太阳能电池、有机-无机钙钛矿光探测器等器件中界面能级结构的工作。垂直型薄膜器件中的活性材料层被顶电极与底电极封闭,通常难以直接在器件工况下测量其中的界面能级排布,我们发展了横截面SKPM技术来解决这一难题。研究表明,界面层是调控器件能级结构、决定器件极性、提高器件性能的重要手段。本文介绍的表征技术有望在各种薄膜光电器件,诸如光伏器件、光探测器、发光二极管,尤其是各种叠层构型器件的研究中展现出广阔的应用前景。     

高分散Ru/FeOx催化剂在二氧化碳选择加氢反应中的应用及其催化活性的调控

由于化石能源的大量开采和利用造成CO2过度排放,从而导致严重的温室效应和气候环境问题,给人类生存带来极大威胁.CO2选择加氢反应可以将CO2催化加氢生成高附加值的CO产物.与其他的CO2转化反应策略相比,该过程中H2的消耗更少,成为可有效处理及转化CO2的手段之一.同时,应尽可能抑制CO2深度加氢以及甲烷的产生,研制及设计具有高CO选择性的新型高效催化剂及其构效关系的分析仍十分重要.据报道,负载型贵金属基催化剂的使用有利于H2分子的活化,具有优异的催化活性,因而广泛应用于多种催化反应中.然而,贵金属催化剂实现工业应用的最大挑战是资源的限制及其高额的成本.近年来,由贵金属制备的负载型亚纳米团簇受到广泛关注,主要包括如Au,Pt,Pd,Ru等贵金属,可有效应用于多相催化反应.人们还致力于提高负载型亚纳米团簇的分散度,促进催化剂活性位点的有效暴露,有利于大幅度提高催化剂的有效利用率.本文采用共沉淀法成功制备了超高分散的负载型Ru基催化剂,通过CO2选择加氢-程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和质谱联用技术测试了催化剂性能,发现CO2加氢反应生成CO选择性达100%.采用XRD,BET和TEM等方法对催化剂结构进行表征,并结合H2-TPR,H2-TPD和XPS等表征结果深入探讨了催化剂构效关系,并提出了针对该催化剂体系较为合理的反应模型.在CO2选择加氢反应的催化性能测试中,2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂对目标产物CO选择性仅为41%; 随着Ru负载量降低至0.25%和0.1%时,CO选择性明显提高至80%; 当进一步降低Ru含量至0.01%时,CO选择性接近100%,且表现出优异的反应速率.在360 oC时,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂的相对反应速率为7.71 molCO2molRu-1 min-1,是2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对反应速率的154倍.H2-TPR结果表明,贵金属Ru可以明显促进载体FeOx的还原,并产生丰富的氧空位,进而促进CO2的吸附、活化.而且CO2选择加氢TPSR结果显示,目标产物CO的起始生成温度总是滞后于原料H2的初始活化温度,与H2-TPR结果及文献报道的CO2选择加氢反应机理一致.通过H2-TPD深入理解H2在催化剂表面的活化和氢溢流现象,以及Hads与不同催化剂之间的相互作用力,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对较高的H2脱附峰温度表明,该样品中Ru与Hads具有极强的相互作用力,相对抑制了Hads与COads深入加氢生成CH4,从而提高了CO选择性,而2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂的情况则与此相反.本文提出了从Hads吸附作用力强弱来考虑CO2选择加氢反应选择性的新思路,同时为设计CO2选择加氢制高附加值CO的高催化反应速率、高CO选择性的高分散Ru基催化剂提供了一种经济简易的催化剂设计思路.     

利用电流传感器测定阿伏加德罗常数的微型实验

采用铜电极在6孔井穴板中电解CuSO4溶液,使用电流传感器获取电量,算出阿伏加德罗常数;便于实验过程中,同时开展其他教学活动。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of an Eu~(3+) Complex

A new Eu(Ⅲ) complex, {[Eu(tta)2(C2H5OH)(NO3)]2(bmp)}·bmp(tta = 2-thenoyltrifluoro- acetonate, bmp = 2,2'-bipyrimidine), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, luminescence and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/n space group, with a = 11.894(6), b = 14.235(8), c = 19.078(10) , β = 103.423(9)o, V = 3142(3) 3, Z = 2, Mr = 1721.10, Dc = 1.819 g/cm3, F(000) = 1696, the final R = 0.0452 and wR = 0.1398 for 5375 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). In the complex, each Eu(Ⅲ) ion is coordinated with four oxygen atoms from two tta ligands and two nitrogen atoms from a bmp ligand, three oxygen atoms from one NO3- anion and one ethanol molecule, forming a distorted tricapped trigonal prism geometry. Luminescence measurement indicates that the europium complex is a strong red emitter in the solid state at room temperature.     

Metal‐Organic Gels Based on Carboxyl‐Functionalized Benzimidazole and Their Stimuli Responsivenesses

Three multi‐responsiveness supramolecular metal‐organic gels (MOGs) have been prepared upon Ba(OAc)₂, CdSO₄·8H₂O and Pb(NO₃)₂ with a simple ligand (G17) based on a carboxyl‐functionalized benzimidazole derivative in alcoholic‐water solutions. The MOGs display the formation of well‐developed nanofibrillar networks composed of intertwined fibers which provide stability to gels structures through coordination, hydrogen bonding and π‐ π interactions characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. MOG‐1 shows good stimuli responsiveness toward the changes in K₂CrO₄, both MOG‐2 and MOG‐3 do good job toward the changes in Na₂S. Moreover, because these MOGs were formed easily by gelator with some heavy metal ion, such as Cd(II) and Pb(II), it might provide the basis for heavy metal ion capture and removal.     

Syntheses,Structures, and Properties of the 3D Lanthanide Organic Frameworks with N‐Heterocyclic Polycarboxylic Acids

Four 3D lanthanide organic frameworks from potassium pyrazine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K₄pztc) or potassium pyridine‐2, 3, 5, 6‐tetracarboxylate (K₄pdtc), namely, {[KEu(pztc)(H₂O)₂] · H₂O}_n ( 1 ), {[KTb(pztc)(H₂O)₂] · 1.25H₂O}_n ( 2 ), {[KLn(pdtc)(H₂O)] · H₂O}_n [Ln = Gd ( 3 ), Ho ( 4 )], were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding lanthanide oxides with K₄pztc or K₄pdtc in presence of HCl under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, IR and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction. In complexes 1 and 2 , the dodecadentate chelator pztc^4– links four Ln^III ions and four K^I ions. The coordination mode of the pztc^4– ligand is reported for the first time herein. Complexes 3 and 4 are isostructural with earlier reported Nd, Dy, Er complexes. Moreover, the Eu^III and Tb^III complexes exhibit the characteristic luminescence.