气相色谱法测定超临界艾叶油微胶囊的包封率

研究采用气质联用测定了超临界CO2萃取的艾叶挥发油的主要成分。实验以挥发油中含量较高的石竹烯氧化物(12.01%)为标准物,以二甲亚砜为内标,采用气相色谱程序升温的方法对艾叶油微胶囊进行石竹烯氧化物含量测定。二甲亚砜和石竹烯氧化物的出峰时间分别为4.75和14.68min,且与其它组分完全分离,空白微胶囊在两者对应出峰位置处无干扰;线性范围为1.2～19.2mg/L;精密度、重现性和回收率均符合分析的要求。艾叶油微胶囊的平均包封率为97.6%。结果表明:所建方法可靠、准确、稳定,可用于艾叶挥发油微胶囊包封率的测定来控制微胶囊质量。     

Resolving Entangled JH-H-Coupling Patterns for Steroidal Structure Determinations by NMR Spectroscopy

For decades, high-resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy has been routinely utilized to analyze both naturally occurring steroid hormones and synthetic steroids, which play important roles in regulating physiological functions in humans. Because the ¹H signals are inevitably superimposed and entangled with various J_H–H splitting patterns, such that the individual ¹H chemical shift and associated J_H–H coupling identities are hardly resolved. Given this, applications of thess information for elucidating steroidal molecular structures and steroid/ligand interactions at the atomic level were largely restricted. To overcome, we devoted to unraveling the entangled J_H–H splitting patterns of two similar steroidal compounds having fully unsaturated protons, i.e., androstanolone and epiandrosterone (denoted as 1 and 2, respectively), in which only hydroxyl and ketone substituents attached to C3 and C17 were interchanged. Here we demonstrated that the J_H–H values deduced from 1 and 2 are universal and applicable to other steroids, such as testosterone, 3β, 21-dihydroxygregna-5-en-20-one, prednisolone, and estradiol. On the other hand, the ¹H chemical shifts may deviate substantially from sample to sample. In this communication, we propose a simple but novel scheme for resolving the complicate J_H–H splitting patterns and ¹H chemical shifts, aiming for steroidal structure determinations.     

自由溶液和筛分介质条件下芯片DNA瞬间等速电泳预浓缩的比较

利用芯片电泳方法考察瞬间等速电泳-筛分电泳偶联分析的结果,比较了自由溶液和筛分介质中DNA瞬间等速电泳的预浓缩效果.结果显示,相比较于筛分介质条件,自由溶液瞬间等速电泳有利于改善预浓缩和后续筛分电泳分离效果.对此结果的解释是:自由溶液条件下DNA迁移速度的提高可以延长瞬间等速电泳持续时间,有利于提高预浓缩效率.此外,样品压缩区带在自由溶液-筛分介质界面的二次富集也是预浓缩效果得到改善的原因之一.     

Dynamic fracture rate of Charpy V-notch specimen

Considered in this work is the dynamic loading rate effect on the fracture of pre-notched beam specimens. Four different dynamic loading rates for the same total work are analyzed using a three point bent specimen as specified by ASTM E-23, generally known as the Charpy simple-beam impact test. It will be referred to herein as the Charpy V-notch (CVN) configuration. As an example, the rate at which energy is applied dynamically to initiate fracture for the HY-80 casting material is determined. It is not sufficient to characterize the dynamic fracture behavior of material in units of foot-pound. What controls dynamic fracture is the rate of energy dissipated in the material damage process. The current approach of critical dynamic stress intensity factor and/or Charpy foot-pound has no theoretical basis and can lead to unreliable predictions when used in structural applications.     

Rail-end bolt hole fatigue crack in three dimensions

This work is concerned with subcritical crack growth in rail-end bolt hole caused by fatigue. Included in the analysis are the mechanical wheel loads and thermal fluctuations experienced by the rail. The interaction of cyclic loading with the rail geometry is considered to be essential. Finite element stress analysis is coupled with the strain energy density criterion for determining the subcritical crack growth steps. The crack can grow and follow any arbitrary surface in the three-dimensional space depending on the symmetry or antisymmetry conditions of the load and geometry. Results on crack shapes and growth rates compare favorably with those observed experimentally.     

Study of the heavy ion bunch compression in CSRm

The feasibility of attaining nanosecond pulse length heavy ion beam is studied in the main ring （CSRm） of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou. Such heavy ion beam can be produced by non-adiabatic compression, and it is implemented by a fast rotation in the longitudinal phase space. In this paper, the possible beam parameters during longitudinal bunch compression are studied with the envelope model and Particle in Cell simulation, and the results are compared. The result shows that the short bunch ²³⁸U²⁸⁺ with the pulse duration of about 50 ns at the energy of 200 MeV/u can be obtained which can satisfy the research of high density plasma physics experiment.     

An activity-based near-infrared glucuronide trapping probe for imaging β-glucuronidase expression in deep tissues

β-glucuronidase is an attractive reporter and prodrug-converting enzyme. The development of near-IR (NIR) probes for imaging of β-glucuronidase activity would be ideal to allow estimation of reporter expression and for personalized glucuronide prodrug cancer therapy in preclinical studies. However, NIR glucuronide probes are not yet available. In this work, we developed two fluorescent probes for detection of β-glucuronidase activity, one for the NIR range (containing IR-820 dye) and the other for the visible range [containing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)], by utilizing a difluoromethylphenol-glucuronide moiety (TrapG) to trap the fluorochromes in the vicinity of the active enzyme. β-glucuronidase-mediated hydrolysis of the glucuronyl bond of TrapG generates a highly reactive alkylating group that facilitates the attachment of the fluorochrome to nucleophilic moieties located near β-glucuronidase-expressing sites. FITC-TrapG was selectively trapped on purified β-glucuronidase or β-glucuronidase-expressing CT26 cells (CT26/mβG) but not on bovine serum albumin or non-β-glucuronidase-expressing CT26 cells used as controls. β-glucuronidase-activated FITC-TrapG did not interfere with β-glucuronidase activity and could label bystander proteins near β-glucuronidase. Both FITC-TrapG and NIR-TrapG specifically imaged subcutaneous CT26/mβG tumors, but only NIR-TrapG could image CT26/mβG tumors transplanted deep in the liver. Thus NIR-TrapG may provide a valuable tool for visualizing β-glucuronidase activity in vivo.     

Heating preceded by cooling ahead of crack: Macrodamage free zone

In contrast to the notion that heating prevails in the material when stressed, a period of cooling followed by heating is predicted to occur in the cracked speciment upon loading. This findings does not only confirm with the recent experiments made on AISI 316 steel [1] but it supports the existence of a damage free zone ahead of the crack within which the energy dissipation is extremely low as compared with those outside. The size of this zone can be macroscopic or otherwise depending on the scale level of observation. It is not uniquely determined by material type as it can change with the local crack tip strain rate that obviously depends on the load-time history. The idea of the material process zone that has been widely referred to in fracture mechanics must, therefore, be seriously questioned.