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931.
The combination of Lewis and Bronsted acids catalyzed the addition of beta-ketoesters to cyclic diene. Lactonization occurs in situ to afford fused bicyclic lactones directly. The catalysis provides an expedient route to bicylic lactones via a zip-process. 相似文献
932.
A simple and very sensitive spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of copper ions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of copper in aqueous samples without a preconcentration step has been developed. It is based on the formation of a yellow complex with the chromogenic reagent di-2-pyridyl ketone benzoylhydrazone (dPKBH) in an alkaline medium. The complex stoichiometry was 1:2 (Cu:dPKBH) and presents maximum absorbance at 370 nm. The influence of chemical variables affecting the behaviour of the system such as pH, concentration of dPKBH, buffer solution and ethanol, order of addition of the reagents and stability of the complex, were evaluated. The molar absorptivity (epsilon) was 3.92x10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1), and Beer's law was obeyed up to 3 mg L(-1) of copper. The relative standard deviation was 0.46% (n=11) for a sample containing 1 mg L(-1) Cu(II). The limit of detection was 2.5 micro g L(-1) and was therefore more sensitive than the direct methods reported previously. Finally, the method was successfully validated by analysing several real samples with different matrices, such as tap water, natural water or copper alloys, with an average relative error of 2.46%. 相似文献
933.
The preparation of pure Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and 50 vol% Al2O3–YAG
composite powders by a wet chemical route is presented. The role of the synthesis
temperature during reverse-strike precipitation has been investigated, showing
its relevant effect on the purity and homogeneity of YAG powder.
The
composite material was prepared by comparing two different synthesis routes.
A composite powder was synthesized via reverse-strike temperature-controlled
co-precipitation. In the latter case, a pure-alumina precursor was firstly
reverse-strike precipitated and then doped with an yttrium salt solution.
For both syntheses, the role of thermal and mechanical pre-treatments on the
phase development was demonstrated. 相似文献
934.
Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2007,118(4):799-805
In some works on the lattice Monte Carlo simulation of amphiphilic systems additional peaks in the cluster size distribution
has been interpreted as a clue for the phase or shape transition of micellar aggregates. On the other hand, some other works
showed that the additional peaks are a result of finite size of the lattice box. In this paper using calculating energy-auto-correlation
function and statistical error in correlated data, it is shown that how these apparently contradictory results are the same.
To do this, we have simulated a pure system containing amphiphile and water molecules. A simple model of potential containing
the main feature for these systems (the hydrophobicity of surfactant molecules) that cause the aggregates to be formed is
considered to avoid any synthetic results due to additional non-real parameters. To relax the initial configuration faster,
configurational bias Monte Carlo move is used in addition to reptation move. Periodic boundary condition and self-avoiding
walks are used as former published works in this field. It is shown that the additional peaks is a result of the statistical
errors for averaged cluster size distribution and can not be interpreted as a clue for shape or phase transition. 相似文献
935.
N. A. Mohamed Farook 《Journal of solution chemistry》2007,36(3):345-356
The oxidation kinetics of substituted and unsubstituted 4-oxoacids (S) by N-chlorosaccharin (NCSA) have been studied in aqueous acetic acid media. The reaction follows first-order kinetics in each
of the 4-oxoacids, NCSA and H+. The effect of changes in the electronic nature of the substrate reveals that positive charge develops in the transition
state. Based on the kinetic results and product analysis, a suitable mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of NCSA
with 4-oxoacids. 相似文献
936.
Electroactive conducting copolymers of aniline (ANI) and o-aminophenol (OAP) and two-layered poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP)/polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared in aqueous acidic solution by electrode potential cycling.
Copolymerization was carried out at different feed concentrations of OAP and ANI on a gold electrode. A strong inhibition
of electropolymerization was found at a high molar fraction of OAP in the feed. The copolymers showed good adherence on the
electrode surface and gave a redox response up to pH=10.0. Two transitions were observed in the in situ conductivities of
the copolymers (as with PANI), but the conductivities were lower by 2.5–3 orders of magnitude as compared to PANI. Electrosynthesis
of PANI on POAP modified electrodes showed copolymer formation after reaction initiation and finally formation of a PANI layer
at the copolymer/solution interface. The ‘memory effect’ of the bilayer structures of both polymers was discussed in terms
of protonation/deprotonation and anion consumption taking place during redox processes of both polymers. 相似文献
937.
Chatterjee B Noveron JC Resendiz MJ Liu J Yamamoto T Parker D Cinke M Nguyen CV Arif AM Stang PJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(34):10645-10656
The syntheses, structures, and N2 adsorption properties of six new supramolecular metallacycles are reported. Flexible ditopic linkers, 1-4, with systematically varied lengths and conformational degrees of freedom were synthesized utilizing ester linkages. They were used in combination with (dppp)M(OTf)2, where M = Pt(II) and Pd(II), and cis-(Me3P)2Pt(OTf)2 to form flexible supramolecular metallacycles 5-10 in 88-98% isolated yields. Their structures were characterized via multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallography. The metallacycles stack to form porous structures in the crystalline state. The pore dimensions depend on both the phosphorus ligands attached to the metals and the flexible linkers. Adsorption studies on the porous materials show that 5a, 6, 8, and 9 held 11.7, 16.5, 5.7, and 6.8 cm3/g STP of N2 at 77 K, respectively. A guest-exchange study with nitromethane and toluene reveals that the nanopore in 5 is flexible, a property which was transferred from the linker to the supramolecular structure in the solid state. 相似文献
938.
A. Anakkar A. Daoudi J. -M. Buisine N. Isaert T. Delattre H. T. Nguyen C. Destrade 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1994,41(6):1501-1513
High pressure experiments have been performed by thermobarometric analysis on two homologous (n=10 and 11) of the [3-fluoro-4((R) or (S)-methylheptyloxy) 4′-(4″-alkoxy-3″-fluorobenzoyloxy) tolans series, which both exhibit the TΓBA phase. The character (first or/and second order) of the transitions involving the TGBA phase are determined from thermobarograms. The pressure-temperature phase diagrams show that the TGBA phase is stabilized under high pressure for the two compounds. Forn=11 an inducedS A phase is observed under high pressures leading to the first experimental observation, on pressure-temperature phase diagram of pure compounds, of aS C * -S A-TGBA multicritical point, previously predicted by the Renn-Lubensky theory. 相似文献
939.
Nishi K. Bhardwaj Viet Hoang Vinh Dang Kien L. Nguyen 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2006,290(1-3):222-228
A wide range of kraft pulps from radiata pine produced by low-temperature kraft pulping in flow-through reactors was assessed for carboxyl and hexenuronic acid (HexA) contents using the conductometric titrations and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. The Kappa number of pulps varied from 20.8 to 84.7 when using a cooking liquor of 1 M effective alkali as Na2O, 25% sulfidity, and cooking time of 100–250 min. The experimental results showed that the carboxyl groups (including HexA) and HexA groups dissolved and their residual values in the pulp samples correlate linearly with Kappa number and pulp yield. The dissolving rate of all carboxyl groups is much faster than the loss of HexA. The HexA/lignin ratio decreased non-linearly with Kappa number. 相似文献
940.
Gamil A. Al-Hazmi Mohammed S. El-Shahawi Ahmed A. El-Asmy 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2005,30(4):464-470
The redox properties of the title mono- and binuclear copper(II) chelates have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in DMF at a working platinum electrode. The cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation of the investigated chelates produced the corresponding electrochemical CuI and CuIIIspecies stable only in the voltammetric time scale, The effects of substituents on E1/2, redox properties and stability towards oxidation of the complexes were related to the electron-withdrawing or releasing ability of the substituents on the C=N1[H, CH3 or C6H5] and/or N4H [H, C2H5, C6H5 or pClC6H4] groups, The electron attracting substituents stabilize the Cu(II) complexes while electron-donating groups favor oxidation to Cu(III). Changes in the E1/2 for the complexes due to remote substituent effects could be related to changes in basicity of N4H.Thus, variation in N41-J has more influence on E1/2 than changes in C=N1. The correlation between E1/2 of the complexes and pKa of the ligands has been attributed to the spherical potential generated by the electron density of the donor atoms at the antibonding d orbitals. 相似文献