轻质油品非加氢脱硫技术*

日益严格的环保法规,对生产低硫、超低硫清洁油品技术提出了更高的要求。传统的加氢脱硫技术存在投资大、运行成本高等问题,因此开发成本低、操作条件温和的非加氢脱硫技术成为一种趋势。本文综述了目前轻质油品非加氢脱硫的相关技术,主要包括氧化脱硫、吸附脱硫和生物脱硫等技术的研究进展;简要介绍了萃取脱硫、络合脱硫、催化裂化脱硫、烷基化脱硫、膜分离脱硫及离子液体脱硫等技术;同时对轻质油品非加氢脱硫技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

超声速气流下强激光辐照靶体失效数值模拟

建立了能够反映激光、流场和结构相互作用的热流固耦合数值计算方法,用于模拟超声速气流（马赫数1.2~4.0）作用下强激光辐照靶体结构的失效行为。分析了不同耦合策略对数值计算结果的影响。研究了激光功率密度及来流马赫数对屈服失效和熔融失效行为的影响。结果表明:激光功率密度对失效辐照时间影响显著;存在一个临界马赫数,使得达到屈服失效和熔融失效的辐照时间最长。通过定量分析激光辐照下不同马赫数的气动生热、散热及能量分配,解释了临界马赫数存在的机理。     

Quantum-Inspired Complex-Valued Language Models for Aspect-Based Sentiment Classification

Aiming at classifying the polarities over aspects, aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained task of sentiment analysis. The vector representations of current models are generally constrained to real values. Based on mathematical formulations of quantum theory, quantum language models have drawn increasing attention. Words in such models can be projected as physical particles in quantum systems, and naturally represented by representation-rich complex-valued vectors in a Hilbert Space, rather than real-valued ones. In this paper, the Hilbert Space representation for ABSA models is investigated and the complexification of three strong real-valued baselines are constructed. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of complexification and the outperformance of our complex-valued models, illustrating that the complex-valued embedding can carry additional information beyond the real embedding. Especially, a complex-valued RoBERTa model outperforms or approaches the previous state-of-the-art on three standard benchmarking datasets.     

小长径比弹丸加装大展弦比尾翼的气动特性研究

为了提高小长径比弹丸射击质量,设计了一种大展弦比张开式尾翼,采用AUSM+格式、SST(shearstress transport)湍流模型和隐式算法(lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel implicit method, LU-SGS),求解三维RANS 方程,对前体形状完全相同,不同展弦比的3 种尾翼弹进行了数值模拟,得到了三者在马赫数1.5~3.5 下的气动力特性的差异,分析其原因,并给出了不同展弦比张开式尾翼的适用范围. 计算结果表明:C型弹的升阻比较B 型弹在1.5 马赫数区域附近增加了7% 以上,当马赫数达到2.5 以上时,A 型弹的升阻比大于B 型弹和C 型弹,在3.5 马赫数区域附近A 型弹的升阻比较B 型弹增加了5.4% 以上. 3 种弹丸的俯仰力矩系数随着马赫数的增大而负向减少,且减少的趋势随着展弦比的增加而增大. A 型弹、B 型弹、C 型弹的静稳定裕度的变化范围分别为4%~20.3%,8.5%~23.2%,11.4%~25.6%.     

超声速流场条件下激光辐照耦合效应数值模拟

激光辐照结构物包含复杂的多物理场耦合问题,其存在流、热、固多种机制的耦合效应。结合计算流体力学（CFD）和有限元方法,对超声速条件下的激光辐照平板问题进行了热流固耦合分析。采用CFD方法得到平板附近流场分布,利用有限元方法计算平板的温度分布,并将二者结合起来实现流体和固体间的数据交互。理论分析确定了流场效应的最主要影响参数为来流马赫数与攻角。对于不同马赫数,激光区域在6Ma条件下存在温度的谷值,小于等于6Ma条件下主要体现为冷却效应,而6Ma以上主要体现为气动加热效应。攻角增大会导致激光区流体质量流量的增加,使冷却效应更加明显。最后综合分析了流场气动加热和冷却两种效应的产生机制。     

基于能量变化的微尺度金属应变突变准则研究

微尺度金属在塑性变形过程中呈现出显著的应变突变特性.论文以力加载条件下单晶Ni微米柱体和位移加载下Au纳米柱体为对象,探讨应变突变的判定准则与不同特征阶段的判别条件.首先从经典塑性理论Hill稳定性条件出发,分析微柱体变形过程中的动能变化,提出了应变突变发生与结束的判定准则.进一步分析柱体变形过程中的内能变化,结合动能变化的分析结果,给出了微尺度金属不同变形阶段的判别条件.通过与文献中实验与理论结果对比发现,基于动能变化的应变突变判定准则能够判断应变突变的发生与结束,基于能量变化的判别条件可以有效区分微柱体的不同变形阶段.最后对新理论准则的可靠性与适用性进行了讨论.     

Z箍缩聚变及高能量密度应用研究进展

基于脉冲功率技术的Z箍缩过程可以实现驱动器电储能到X光辐射的高效率转换,形成极端温度、密度、压力条件,近年来在惯性约束聚变及高能量密度应用中取得了一系列重要进展。综述了国际上辐射间接驱动和磁直接驱动两条Z箍缩聚变技术路线发展现状,简要介绍了我国Z箍缩聚变尤其是7~8 MA脉冲功率装置上的动态黑腔研究进展;分别从辐射与物质相互作用、辐射不透明度、材料动态特性、实验室天体物理等方面,概述了Z箍缩应用于高能量密度物理研究的技术路线和主要成果。希望通过对Z箍缩聚变及高能量密度应用研究的论述和发展趋势分析,推动我国Z箍缩研究领域的进一步发展。     

Nonlinear flutter of a two-dimension thin plate subjected to aerodynamic heating by differential quadrature method

The problem of nonlinear aerothermoelasticity of a two-dimension thin plate in supersonic airflow is examined. The strain-displacement relation of the von Karman＇s large deflection theory is employed to describe the geometric non-linearity and the aerodynamic piston theory is employed to account for the effects of the aerodynamic force. A new method, the differential quadrature method （DQM）, is used to obtain the discrete form of the motion equations. Then the Runge-Kutta numerical method is applied to solve the nonlinear equations and the nonlinear response of the plate is obtained numerically. The results indicate that due to the aerodynamic heating, the plate stability is degenerated, and in a specific region of system parameters the chaos motion occurs, and the route to chaos motion is via doubling-period bifurcations.     

Self-Assembly of DNA–Peptide Supermolecules: Coiled-Coil Peptide Structures Templated by d-DNA and l-DNA Triplexes Exhibit Chirality-Independent but Orientation-Dependent Stabilizing Cooperativity

DNA nanostructures have been designed and used in many different applications. However, the use of nucleic acid scaffolds to promote the self-assembly of artificial protein mimics is only starting to emerge. Herein five coiled-coil peptide structures were templated by the hybridization of a d -DNA triplex or its mirror-image counterpart, an l -DNA triplex. The self-assembly of the desired trimeric structures in solution was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and small-angle X-ray scattering, and the stabilizing synergy between the two domains was found to be chirality-independent but orientation-dependent. This is the first example of using a nucleic acid scaffold of l -DNA to template the formation of artificial protein mimics. The results may advance the emerging POC-based nanotechnology field by adding two extra dimensions, that is, chirality and polarity, to provide innovative molecular tools for rational design and bottom-up construction of artificial protein mimics, programmable materials and responsive nanodevices.     

Synthesis of Oxygenated Sesquiterpenoids Enabled by Combining Metabolic Engineering and Visible-Light Photocatalysis

The diversification of natural products to expand biologically relevant chemical space for drug discovery can be achieved by combining complementary bioprocessing and chemical transformations. Herein, genetically engineered Escherichia coli fermentation to produce amorphadiene and valencene was combined with metal-free photocatalysis transformations to further access nootkatone, cis-nootkatol and two hydration derivatives. In fermentation, using a closed, anaerobic condition avoided the use of organic overlay, increased the productivity, and simplified the work-up process. Metal-free photocatalysis hydration and allylic C−H oxidation were designed and implemented to make the whole process greener. It was shown that the anti-Markovnikov selectivity of photocatalyzed alkene hydration could be reversed by stereo-electronic and steric effects existing in complex natural products. The combination of bioprocessing and photocatalysis may provide an efficient and greener way to expand the chemical space for pharmaceutical, flavor and fragrance industry.