稀土对镁-铝合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制

研究了稀土（0.1%～1.2%,质量分数）对Mg-Al合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制.结果表明： 往Mg-Al合金中添加稀土后,合金的抗热裂性能显著下降,其原因可归为： 稀土引起了Mg-Al合金晶粒粗化,使得热裂纹萌生所需的断裂应变降低;稀土减少了Mg-Al合金中的共晶组织,缩短了枝晶通道保持开通的时间,不利于合金进行补缩;而且稀土还提高了共晶反应的温度,使得凝固后期枝晶间液膜的强度有所下降;当α-Mg枝晶连成骨架时,分布在枝晶间的Al11RE3相容易堵塞枝晶通道,增加了合金补缩的难度;Al11RE3相与α-Mg基体的凝固收缩率不同,容易产生凝固收缩应力,促进热裂纹的萌生.     

Structures and stabilities of HPS_2 isomers

The potential energy surface of HPS2 system containing nine isomers and fifteen transition states is obtained at MP2/6-311++G(d, p) and QCISD(t)/6-311++G(3df, 2p)(single-point) levels. On the potential energy surface, the lowest-lying frans-HSPS(EI) is found to be thermodynami-cally the most stable isomer followed by cis-HSPS(E2) and HP(S)S(C2v, E3) at 3.43 and 14.17 kJ/mol higher, respectively. The computed results show that species E1, E2, E3, stereo HP(S)S(Cs, E4) with PSS three-membered ring, isomers trans-HPSS(E5) and cis-HPSS(E6) which coexist with E4 are kinetically stable isomers. The products E6 and E5 in the reaction of HP with S2 can be isomerized into higher kinetic stable isomer E4 with 65.75 and 71.73 kJ/mol reaction barrier height, respectively. The predicated results may correct the possible inaccurate conclusion in that the product was experimentally assigned as isomer cis-HPSS(E6).     

层状钙钛矿型Sm2-2xSr1+2x-2yCa2yMn2O7(x=0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5；y=0，0.2，0.3)的溶胶凝胶合成及电性能研究

Layered perovskite manganites with a nominal chemsitry of Sm_2-2xSr_1+2x-2_yCa_2yMn₂O₇(x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5; y=0, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared using sol-gel method. The crystal structures of these compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR absorption spectra. The absorption peaks become weaker and move a little to higher frequency with increasing of Sm/Sr concentration. As the Sm doping increases to x=0.2 and x=0.3, the absorption peaks show a cubic structure character, reflecting that the samples suffer from a transition from tetragonal structure to cubic structure. This coincides with the X-ray diffraction results. The high temperature electrical properties were studied by conventional four-probe method. Although all samples exhibit the semiconductive behavior, lnρ-1 000/T curves are not linear and they obey the small polaron hopping mechanism. Moreover, the resistivity decreases with x reducing. This is due to that Sm doping increases the Jahn-Teller ion Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ ratio, and decreases the e_g bandwidth.     

废轮胎中试回转窑热解炭理化特性及应用前景

采用中试回转窑热解装置对废轮胎进行了热解研究。在450 ℃～650 ℃温度范围内，热解炭的产率约为39%～44%，并具有高灰分（12%以上）和高硫含量特性。热解炭孔容积随热解温度升高而增大，并在550 ℃时达到最大值。在孔径约为50 nm处，热解炭的比孔容积具有最大值。热解炭在CO2和水蒸气气氛下，经活化可得到中等比表面积的活性炭（253 m2/g～306 m2/g），并具有较发达的中、大孔结构。热解炭及其活性炭对亚甲基兰和Pb2+具有良好的吸附性。热解炭作为炭黑使用时，其炭黑特性（结构性等）和硫化胶特性低于高补强N330炭黑。热解炭黑可用作中、低补强性炭黑。     

The Structures and Stability of HNOS Isomers

Potential energy surface of HNOS system is investigated by means of MP2 method with 6-311 G(d,p) basis set.The energy for each minimum and saddle point on the potential energy surface is corrected at the QCISD(T)/6-311 G(3df,2p) level of theory with zero-point vibrational energy included.As a result ,eighteen isomers are theoretically predicted and cis-HNSO is found to be global minimum on the potential energy surface,Wherein,fourteen isomers are considered as kinetically stable species,and should be experimentally observed.Comparisons are made for HNOS system with its analogues,HNO2 and NHS2.The nature of bonding and isomers‘ stability of HNOS system are similar to HNS2.The obvious similarities and discrepancies among HNOS,HNO2 and HNS2 are attributed to the hypervalent capacity of sulfur,oxygen and nitrogen atoms.     

废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭表面组分XPS分析

以X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对废轮胎回转窑中试热解炭表面组分进行实验分析,研究热解炭本体与表面的异同,热解温度、热解炭粒径的影响。与商用炭黒比较,废轮胎热解炭本体中含有更多的Zn、Si、S、Mg等杂质元素,各组分与热解温度没有大的相关性;热解炭表面在热解过程中形成了一吸附沉积层,表面层中杂元素的质量分数极低;低于500℃时,热解不完全,吸附沉积物较少。热解炭按粒径存在一定分布,粒度<0.074 mm的粉末状热解炭来自表面磨损脱落的粉末,各种杂元素的质量分数很低;Zn元素的相对质量分数随热解炭粒径的减小而减少。对热解炭进行深度剖析发现,吸附层是极薄的,表面层对本体的影响是极小的;定量分析结果表明,以C质量分数为100,则O为4～6,S、N约为1,Zn小于0.6,而商用炭黑中S约为0.3,不含N、Zn。     

A hybrid multi-degree-of-freedom vibration isolation platform for spacecrafts by the linear active disturbance rejection control

The hybrid vibration isolation, which takes advantages of both the passive and active approaches, has been an important solution for space missions. The objective of this paper is to design a vibration isolation platform for payloads on spacecrafts with the robust, wide bandwidth, and multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF). The proposed solution is based on a parallel mechanism with six voice-coil motors(VCMs) as the actuators. The linear active disturbance resistance control(LADRC) algorithm is used for the active control. Numerical simulation results show that the vibration isolation platform performs effectively over a wide bandwidth, and the resonance introduced by the passive isolation is eliminated. The system robustness to the uncertainties of the structure is also verified by simulation.     

Langmuir-Blodgett单分子膜功能体系的研究(Ⅲ).有序单分子膜内的J-聚体

本文讨论了单分子膜内J-聚体的性质、稳定性以及影响J-聚体形成的因素。实验中发现,制备有序单分子膜时,机械振动是影响J-聚体形成的重要因素;利用分子的电性质,靠外加电场的作用,可以增加J-聚体的成份。载于玻璃载片上单分子膜中的J-聚体在室温下就可以破坏,在低温下能够得以保存。根据J-聚体的能级性质及其在能量转移中的作用,作者认为,J-聚体可以形成激子态,J-聚体内的能量转移是激子转移。     

氟阴离子在有机合成中的应用 I: 无水氟化钾催化丙二酸二乙酯与苯甲醛的Knoevenagel缩合反应

研究了用无水氟化钾催化苯甲醛与丙二酸二乙酯的Knoevenagel反应的反应条件,发现在适宜条件下可进行这一反应, 并制得予其产物苯甲叉丙二酸二乙酯.     

脱氧核糖核酸与刚果红化学反应的机理研究

采用UV-Vis光谱法,研究了在pH 4.56的Tris缓冲溶液中脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)与刚果红(GGH)相互作用。生成的紫色配合物最大吸光度差ΔA在600 nm,反应前后吸收光谱变化明显,反应体系对比度好。在此波长下测得配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.41×105 L·cm-1·mol-1,最大结合数n=32,最低检出限为c＝8.04×10-8 mol·L-1 等。研究了体系的酸度、温度、时间等基本反应条件,以及不同类型物质对反应体系的干扰状况。离子强度的改变对体系的吸光度有一定影响。探讨了小分子物质与DNA作用的方式及二者的分子结构、分子构象及电子云分布之间的关系。