Corrosion inhibition of ammonium molybdate for AA6061 alloy in NaCl solution and its synergistic effect with calcium gluconate

The corrosion inhibition of ammonium heltamolybdate (AH) and calcium gluconate (CG) for AA6061 alloy in 3% NaCl solution was investigated by the electrochemical measurements. It indicates that AH inhibits the corrosion of AA6061 alloy and acts as an anodic inhibitor. Maximum inhibition efficiency reaches 74.3% at the concentration of 1 × 10^?4 mol.l^?1 AH. The results of the electrochemical studies reveal AH is physically adsorbed on the AA6061 alloy surface and the adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. The combination of AH and CG enhances the inhibition efficiency to 95.9%. The enhanced inhibition is attributed to the promotion of AH adsorption by CG. The mixture of AH and CG is a mixed‐type inhibitor and renders the corrosion potential to more positive values. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys near Martensitic transformation

This paper studies the magnetic hysteresis and refrigeration capacity of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys in detail during heating and cooling isothermal magnetisation processes. The Ni-Mn-Ga alloys show larger magnetic hysteresis when they transform from austenite to martensite, but smaller magnetic hysteresis when they transform from martensite to austenite. This behaviour is independent of either the pure Ni-Mn-Ga alloys or the alloys doped with other elements. Because of the existence of the magnetic hysteresis, the relation between the magnetic entropy change and refrigeration capacity is not simply linear. For practical consideration, magnetocaloric effect of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys should be investigated both on cooling and heating processes.     

Synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes from pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and modified activated alkynes

Pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates were applied to a formal [3 + 2] annulation reaction with modified activated alkynes, affording various tetrasubstituted thiophenes with aryl, alkenyl, alkyl or silyl group at the special position. The structural modification of alkyne substrates enabled the synthesis of diverse thiophenes to be achieved using the pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates as the sulfur-containing building blocks. This approach is metal-free and catalyst-free.     

Phase transition layers with boundary intersection for an inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn equation

We consider the nonlinear problem of inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn equation

${?}^2\mathrm{\Delta }u+V(y)u(1?u^2)=0\text{in}\mathrm{\Omega },\frac{?u}{?\nu }=0\text{on}?\mathrm{\Omega },$

where Ω is a bounded domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ with smooth boundary, ? is a small positive parameter, ν denotes the unit outward normal of ?Ω, V is a positive smooth function on $\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}$. Let Γ be a curve intersecting orthogonally with ?Ω at exactly two points and dividing Ω into two parts. Moreover, Γ satisfies stationary and non-degenerate conditions with respect to the functional ${\int }_{\mathrm{\Gamma }}{V}^{1/2}$. We can prove that there exists a solution $u_{?}$ such that: as $?\to 0$, $u_{?}$ approaches +1 in one part of Ω, while tends to ?1 in the other part, except a small neighborhood of Γ.     

Rejoinder for Gaining effciency via weighted estimators for multivariate failure time data

We thank all the discussants for their interesting and stimulating contributions. They have touched various aspects that have not been considered by the original articles.     

太阳影子定位

本文给出物体在太阳底下影子长度及影子方位角的动态变化规律, 据此建立确定物体所处位置和日期的非线性最小二乘模型, 讨论相应的求解方法. 在此基础上, 利用针孔成像原理, 根据视频中物体影子的变化规律来确定视频的拍摄日期和地点.     

帕立骨化醇对糖尿病肾病肾小管 上皮间充质转化的干预作用研究

目的 探讨帕立骨化醇对糖尿病肾病（DKD）肾小管上皮间充质转化（EMT）的作用及内在机制。方法 将24 只SD 大鼠按随机数字表法分为帕立骨化醇干预组（P 组）、糖尿病肾病组（D 组）和正常对照组（C 组）,每组各8 只。P 组和D 组大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg/kg建立糖尿病肾病模型,造模成功后第2天P 组腹腔注射帕立骨化醇（溶于丙二醇中）0.4滋g/kg,3 次/ 周,D 组予等体积丙二醇;C组仅予等体积丙二醇。4 周后测血、尿生化指标;进行肾脏病理学检查;免疫组化及Western blot 技术检测肾组织E- 钙粘蛋白（E-cadherin）、α- 平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、纤连蛋白（FN）、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）及Klotho 的表达,并进行指标间的相关性分析。结果 D组大鼠血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）及24 h尿蛋白水平均高于C 组,P 组均低于D 组（均P＜ 0.05）。C 组大鼠肾小管结构完整清晰,无明显病理改变;D 组可见肾小管间质局部炎症细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞脱落,小管扩张,基底膜断裂;P 组肾小管间质病理改变较D 组减轻。D 组大鼠肾组织E-cadherin 与Klotho表达低于C组,而P组高于D组（均P＜0.05）;与C 组比较,D 组大鼠肾组织α-SMA、FN 及TGF-β1 表达增加,而P 组表达均较D 组减少（均P＜0.05）。Klotho 表达与E-cadherin呈正相关（r=0.924,P＜0.05）,而与α-SMA、FN 及TGF-β1 均呈负相关（r=-0.806、-0.623、-0.856,均P＜0.05）。结论 帕立骨化醇可抑制糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小管上皮EMT,其作用可能与增加肾组织Klotho表达,同时减少TGF-β1合成相关。     

A new test on the conditional capital asset pricing model

Testing the validity of the conditional capital asset pricing model(CAPM) is a puzzle in the finance literatureLewellen and Nagel[14]find that the variation in betas and in the equity premium would have to be implausibly large to explain important asset-pricing anomaliesUnfortunately, they do not provide a rigorous test statisticBased on a simulation study, the method proposed in Lewellen and Nagel[14]tends to reject the null too frequently.We develop a new test procedure and derive its limiting distribution under the null hypothesis.Also, we provide a Bootstrap approach to the testing procedure to gain a good finite sample performanceBoth simulations and empirical studies show that our test is necessary for making correct inferences with the conditional CAPM.     

涉及差分算子的亚纯函数的唯一性

本文研究涉及差分算子的亚纯函数的唯一性问题,得到一个唯一性定理:设f是一个级不小于2的有限级整函数,η是非零复数,a(z)是不恒等于0的整函数,满足ρ(a)ρ(f)和λ(f-a)ρ(f).若f-a与Δnηf-a(n=1或2)CM分担0,则f(z)是整数级的,且ρ(a)=1或ρ(a)≥ρ(f)-1,f(z)=a(z)+[Δnηa(z)-a(z)]eA(z),其中A(z)是一个次数和ρ(f)相等的多项式.