Tailored pump-probe transient spectroscopy with time-dependent density-functional theory: controlling absorption spectra

Recent advances in laser technology allow us to follow electronic motion at its natural time-scale with ultra-fast time resolution, leading the way towards attosecond physics experiments of extreme precision. In this work, we assess the use of tailored pumps in order to enhance (or reduce) some given features of the probe absorption (for example, absorption in the visible range of otherwise transparent samples). This type of manipulation of the system response could be helpful for its full characterization, since it would allow us to visualize transitions that are dark when using unshaped pulses. In order to investigate these possibilities, we perform first a theoretical analysis of the non-equilibrium response function in this context, aided by one simple numerical model of the hydrogen atom. Then, we proceed to investigate the feasibility of using time-dependent density-functional theory as a means to implement, theoretically, this absorption-optimization idea, for more complex atoms or molecules. We conclude that the proposed idea could in principle be brought to the laboratory: tailored pump pulses can excite systems into light-absorbing states. However, we also highlight the severe numerical and theoretical difficulties posed by the problem: large-scale non-equilibrium quantum dynamics are cumbersome, even with TDDFT, and the shortcomings of state-of-the-art TDDFT functionals may still be serious for these out-of-equilibrium situations.     

Bistability and explosive transients in surface reactions: the role of fluctuations and spatial correlations

We study the dynamics of a class of catalytic surface reactions in which an adsorbed molecule undergoes dissociation giving oxygen, which then rapidly reacts with H adatoms to give water. The reaction-diffusion equations predict bistability and explosive transients similar to those observed in several low-pressure experiments. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reveal however that the dynamics can be strongly affected by spontaneous, inhomogeneous fluctuations of composition on the surface. In particular, bifurcation points can be displaced and the explosive character of the transients can be lost, depending on a subtle balance between the rate of reaction and the mobility of the decomposing species. These effects can be quantified on the basis of a stochastic formulation of the dynamics taking into account spatial correlations. This approach allows to better delimit the applicability of the traditional reaction-diffusion modelling in the case of reactions such as the reduction of NO _x or SO _x species on catalytic surfaces.     

Performance studies of a full-length prototype for the CASTOR forward calorimeter at the CMS experiment

The Time-Of-Flight detector (TOF) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC is based on Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). The TOF detector consists of 152928 readout channels covering a total area of 141 m². In this paper the results of the calibration with cosmic-ray data collected during 2009 are presented.     

Testing metric-affine f(R)-gravity by relic scalar gravitational waves

We discuss the emergence of scalar gravitational waves in metric-affine f(R)-gravity. Such a component allows to discriminate between metric and metric-affine theories The intrinsic meaning of this result is that the geodesic structure of the theory can be discriminated. We extend the formalism of cross-correlation analysis, including the additional polarization mode, and calculate the detectable energy density of the spectrum for cosmological relic gravitons. The possible detection of the signal is discussed against the sensitivities of the VIRGO, LIGO and LISA interferometers.     

Compression behavior of elastomeric networks-non-equilibrium effects

The compression behavior of some rubberlike networks in equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions has been investigated. The experimental data clearly indicate that non-equilibrium components are operative on the compression modulus value. Results are interpreted in terms of supramolecular order in the amorphous materials.