A Consistent BGK-Type Model for Gas Mixtures

We introduce a relaxation collision operator for a mixture of gases which satisfies several fundamental properties. Different BGK type collision operators for gas mixtures have been introduced earlier but none of them could satisfy all the basic physical properties: positivity, correct exchange coefficients, entropy inequality, indifferentiability principle. We show that all those properties are verified for our model, and we derive its Navier–Stokes limit by a Chapman–Enskog expansion.     

The mass spectra of carboxylic acids—I: Fragmentation mechanisms in maleic and fumaric acids and related compounds

The mass spectra of maleic acid, maleic acid-2,3-d, fumaric acid and fumaric acid-2,3-d have been examined and fragmentation mechanisms are proposed for these compounds. The molecular ion of the cis-acid fragments via H atom transfer from one carboxyl group to the other followed by loss of CO₂. The trans acid does not fragment significantly by this route and the former effect may be characteristic of molecules containing two carboxyl groups cis-oriented to each other. This hypothesis was successfully tested by examining the mass spectra of citraconic, itaconic and phthalic acids. Itaconic and mesaconic acids show some of the fragmentation characteristics of fumaric acid.     

Abnormal viscosimetric behavior of homopolymers in mixed solvents and preferential solvation

It is shown that the applicability of the Stockmayer–Fixman–Burchard plot is much more limited in the case of solvent–precipitant mixtures than in the case of pure solvents. The observed deviations can be explained by taking into account the variation of preferential solvation as a function of the molecular weight of the polymer. More precisely the average density of the segments in the region occupied by the coiled molecule seems to be the parameter governing both changes in viscosity and in preferential solvation.     

Scattering from copolymer solutions at finite concentration

We consider the variation of the coherent elastic scattering structure factor S(q) with momentum transfer q for a solution of block copolymers at finite concentration. We introduce the effect of concentration using a generalization of Zimm's model to copolymers which enables us to express intermolecular scattering functions in terms of intramolecular form factors only. We show that the shape of the scattering curve is very sensitive to the polymer concentration as well as to the contrast factors, the relative composition of co units, and the second virial coefficients characterizing constituents of the copolymer. In particular, we show that the scattering curve develops a maximum at low q for certain values of these parameters. We also discuss the variation of the apparent radius of gyration with polymer concentration.     

Magnetic ordering in TmTe

Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on the divalent thulium compound TmTe. Magnetic structure determination leads to a type II antiferromagnet below the Néel temperature T_N = .43 K. No crystal field excitations were observed.     

Two-dimensional electrons-holes droplets in superlattices

We show that two dimensional electrons-holes droplets can exist in superlattice having a structural defect such as a layer with an additional atomic plane. This is a new and cleaner way to produce and study a plasma in two dimensions.     

Viskosimetrische Untersuchung des tern?ren Systems Polystyrol/Polymethylmethacrylat/p-Xylol

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Nuclear orientation experiemnts on Al2LaCe alloys

Nuclear orientation experiments on ^137mCe impurities in Al₂La show directly at almost 0 K that these alloys correspond to the magnetic conditions assumed by Müller-Hartmann and Zittartz.     

The benzoyl cation: The participation of isolated electronic excited states in the dissociation of molecular ions of the form [C6H5COX]+˙

The heat of formation of the benzoyl cation generated from [C₆H₅COX]⁺˙ is found to depend on X, while the heat of formation of the phenyl ion produced therefrom is, with one exception, independent of X. The excess energy of the benzoyl cation can be accounted for by an electronic excited state of the ion in the mass spectra of benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, benzamide, methyl benzoate and possibly benzophenone; the benzoyl cation is not excited in the mass spectra of acetophenone and benzoyl chloride.