Photometric determination of trivalent gallium,indium and thallium with Xylenol orange

Summary Xylenol orange reacts very sensitively with gallium(III), indium (III) and thallium(III) to form reddish violet colored chelates having _max 560 nm in case of Ga and In and _max 590 nm in case of Ti at P_H 4.0. The molar ratio for all the chelates is 1 1 (metal reagent). Optimum conditions including the range for adherence to Beer's law, effect of P_H on the color intensity, effect of excess reagent, and sensitivity are reported for the photometric determination of these metal ions using Xylenol orange.

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Zusammenfassung Xylenolorange reagiert sehr empfindlich mit Gallium(III), Indium(III) und Thallium(III) unter Bildung rötlich-violetter Chelate mit einem Absorptionsmaximum bei 560 nm im Falle von Ga und In bzw. 590 nm für Tl bei p_H 4,0. Das Molverhältnis ist in jedem Fall 11. Die besten Arbeitsbedingungen, der Gültigkeitsbereich des Beerschen Gesetzes, der Einfluß des P_H auf die Farbintensität und des Reagensüberschusses sowie die Empfindlichkeit werden für die photometrische Bestimmung der genannten Ionen angegeben.

     

Synthesis of optically active seven-membered 1,5-anhydrocarbasugars and 1,4,5-tribenzoyloxy-2-ethoxy cycloheptanes via [5+2] cycloaddition

[5+2] Cycloaddition followed by asymmetric dihydroxylation procedure have been utilized to prepare novel cyclitols. Accordingly, rac-2α-hydroxy-6α-ethoxy-1,5-anhydro cyclohept-3-ene, 10 derived from [5+2] cycloaddition of 3-oxidopyrylium ylide and vinyl ether has been recognized as a seven-membered carbasugar equivalent and elaborated to 1,4,5-tribenzoyloxy-2-ethoxy cycloheptanes through a flexible, regio- and stereoselective strategy involving Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation conditions to resolve the compounds obtained. The structures and relative configurations of newly synthesized (+)-2α-acetoxy-6α-ethoxy-3β,4β-dihydroxy-1,5-anhydro cycloheptane ((+)-12)); (−)-1β,4β,5β-tribenzoyloxy-6α-ethoxy cycloheptane ((−)-17) and (+)-1α,4α,5α-tribenzoyloxy-6β-ethoxy cycloheptane ((+)-17) are unambiguously established by single crystal X-ray analysis and duly supported by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy data.     

Techno-commercial aspects of food irradiation in India

Research and development work has been carried out at Food Technology Division of Bhabha Atomic Research Center for more than past fifty years. After establishing potential commercial applications, a lot of time and efforts were spent on proving the wholesomeness and nutritional adequacy of irradiated foods. The first approval from health authorities came in 1994 for processing potato, onion and spices. Additional commodities were approved in 1998 and 2001, bringing the list of commodities to more than 20. Two technology demonstration plants were set up by the government, one for high dose applications like microbial decontamination of spices and dry vegetables in 2000, and another for low dose applications, like sprout inhibition and insect disinfestation, in 2003. In 2004, irradiation was approved as a quarantine measure. This enabled export of mango to USA after a gap of 18 years in 2007. More than a dozen plants have now been set up by private entrepreneurs in the country.     

Hydrogen bonding interaction and topological insights of the electron localization/delocalization of l- arginine acetate

The vibrational spectral studies of the semi-organic material l- arginine acetate (LAA) are carried out with the help of density functional calculations to derive the equilibrium geometry as well as the vibrational wavenumbers and intensities of the spectral bands. The vibrational spectrum assignments are performed using normal coordinate analysis (NCA) in accordance with the scaled quantum mechanical force field approach (SQMFF). Vibrational spectra confirm the COO- modes split due to intra- and intermolecular association based on C–O….H, N–H….O, and O–H?O hydrogen bonding in the molecule, which lowers carboxylate wavenumbers. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and DFT computations also confirm the occurrence of strong intra and intermolecular N–H?O and O–H?O ionic hydrogen bonding between charged species, providing the non-centrosymmetric structure in the LAA crystal.     

Cation exchange column chromatography in aqueous ammonium acetate: Separation of U(VI), Al(III), Sr(II), Ba(II) and Hg(II) from other metal ions

Summary A rigorous analysis of the effect of various concentrations (0.02–1.60M) of ammonium acetate on the distribution coefficients (K) of a number of metal ions using cation exchanger Dowex 50W-X8 (100–200 mesh NH₄ ⁺-form) has been made. On account of the low affinity of U(VI) for resin in 0.20M NH₄OAc it can be separated from all other metal ions. HighK values of Sr(II), Ba(II) and Hg(II) at higher 0.50M NH₄OAc are responsible for their separation from others. The abnormal column Chromatographic behaviour of Al(III) permits its separation from other metal ions including U(VI), Sr(II), Ba(II), Hg(II). A number of binary and ternary separations have been achieved.     

Ageratum conyzoides L. and Its Secondary Metabolites in the Management of Different Fungal Pathogens

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Family—Asteraceae) is an annual aromatic invasive herb, mainly distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It owns a reputed history of indigenous remedial uses, including as a wound dressing, an antimicrobial, and mouthwash as well as in treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, skin diseases, etc. In this review, the core idea is to present the antifungal potential of the selected medicinal plant and its secondary metabolites against different fungal pathogens. Additionally, toxicological studies (safety profile) conducted on the amazing plant A. conyzoides L. are discussed for the possible clinical development of this medicinal herb. Articles available from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed in detail to exhibit recent appraisals of the antifungal properties of A. conyzoides. Efforts were aimed at delivering evidences for the medicinal application of A. conyzoides by using globally recognized scientific search engines and databases so that an efficient approach for filling the lacunae in the research and development of antifungal drugs can be adopted. After analyzing the literature, it can be reported that the selected medicinal plant effectively suppressed the growth of numerous fungal species, such as Aspergillus, Alternaria, Candida, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium, owing to the presence of various secondary metabolites, particularly chromenes, terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins. The possible mechanism of action of different secondary metabolites of the plant against fungal pathogens is also discussed briefly. However, it was found that only a few studies have been performed to demonstrate the plant’s dosage and safety profile in humans. Considered all together, A. conyzoides extract and its constituents may act as a promising biosource for the development of effective antifungal formulations for clinical use. However, in order to establish safety and efficacy, additional scientific research is required to explore chronic toxicological effects of ageratum, to determine the probability of interactions when used with different herbs, and to identify safe dosage. The particulars presented here not only bridge this gap but also furnish future research strategies for the investigators in microbiology, ethno-pharmacology, and drug discovery.     

Tritium in water bodies around the Kaiga generating station

Tritium concentration was monitored in different water sources collected around Kaiga Nuclear Power plant, India. The concentration was in the ranges?<?1.9–27.4 Bq L^?1 (GM?=?4.0 Bq L^?1) for groundwater,?<?1.9–42.1 Bq L^?1 (GM?=?3.5 Bq L^?1) for surface water and in 12.4–42.0 Bq L^?1 (GM?=?24.07 Bq L^?1) for reservoir water. The concentration values observed in this study are similar to those reported for other PHWR stations of the world. The radiation dose to the public due to ingestion of Tritium through groundwater was computed to be 0.08 μSvy^?1.

     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Phosphorus Containing Sulfonated Polytriazoles for Proton Exchange Membrane Application

Sulfonated polytriazoles have drawn a great attention as high performance polymers and their good film forming ability. In the present study, a phosphorus containing new diazide monomer namely, bis-[4-(4′-aminophenoxy)phenyl]phenylphosphine was synthesized and accordingly, a series of phosphorus containing sulfonated polytriazoles (PTPBSH-XX) was synthesized by reacting equimolar amount of this diazide monomer (PAZ) in combination with another sulfonated diazide monomer (DSAZ) and a terminal bis-alkyne (BPALK) by the Cu (I) catalyzed azide–alkyne click polymerization. The polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. The sulfonic acid content of the copolymers also determined from the different integral values obtained from the ¹H NMR signals. The small-angle X-ray scattering results unfolded the well-separated dispersion of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains of the polymers. As a whole, the copolymer membranes displayed sufficient thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stabilities high with high proton conductivity and low water uptake that are essential for proton exchange membrane applications. The copolymers exhibited oxidative stability in the range of 15–24 h and had proton conductivity values were found as high as 38–110 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C in completely hydrated condition. Among the all copolytriazoles, PTPBSH-90 (BPALK:DSAZ:PAZ = 100:90:10) having IEC_W = 2.44 mequiv g⁻¹, showed proton conductivity as high as 119 mS cm⁻¹ at 90 °C with an activation energy of 10.40 kJ mol⁻¹ for the proton conduction. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 263–279     

Chiral pyridin-3-ones and pyridines: syntheses of enantiopure 2,4-disubstituted 6-hydroxy-1,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-3-ones, 2,3-disubstituted 4-iodopyridines, and enantiopure 2,3-disubstituted 4-pyridinemethanols

The development of an innovative method to access enantiopure 2,4-disubstituted 6-hydroxy-1,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-3-ones starting from D-glucal via the aza-Achmatowicz transformation has been described. These highly functionalized pyridin-3-ones have been utilized for the synthesis of contiguously substituted pyridines through a rapid and efficient Et(3)N/Ac(2)O promoted cyclo-elimination, aromatization cascade, allowing the facile assembly of important pyridine-based building blocks like 2-substituted 3-acetoxy-4-iodopyridines and enantiopure 2-substituted 3-acetoxy-4-pyridinemethanols possessing benzylic stereogenic centers, whose synthesis otherwise would be tedious. The utilization of commercially available sugars as starting materials, mild reaction conditions, catalytic transfer hydrogen (CTH) of α-furfuryl azide derivatives, transfer of chiral aryl/alkyl methanols from enulosides to pyridin-3-ones and pyridines, high yields, and short reaction times are key features of this method. The utility of the method has been further exemplified by demonstrating the usage of the 2-substituted 3-acetoxy-4-iodopyridine for the construction of biologically significant molecules like 2,7-disubstituted furo[2,3-c]pyridines and 7,7'-disubstituted 2,2'-bifuro[2,3-c]pyridines.