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11.
Arne Barinka Stephan Dahlke Wolfgang Dahmen 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2006,24(1-4):5-34
Recently adaptive wavelet methods have been developed which can be shown to exhibit an asymptotically optimal accuracy/work
balance for a wide class of variational problems including classical elliptic boundary value problems, boundary integral equations
as well as certain classes of noncoercive problems such as saddle point problems. A core ingredient of these schemes is the
approximate application of the involved operators in standard wavelet representation. Optimal computational complexity could
be shown under the assumption that the entries in properly compressed standard representations are known or computable in
average at unit cost. In this paper we propose concrete computational strategies and show under which circumstances this assumption
is justified in the context of elliptic boundary value problems.
Dedicated to Charles A. Micchelli on the occasion of his 60th birthday
Mathematics subject classifications (2000) 41A25, 41A46, 65F99, 65N12, 65N55.
This work has been supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 401, the first and third author are supported
in part by the European Community's Human Potential Programme under contract HPRN-CT-202-00286 (BREAKING COMPLEXITY). The
second author acknowledges the financial support provided through the European Union's Human Potential Programme, under contract
HPRN-CT-2002-00285 (HASSIP) and through DFG grant DA 360/4–1. 相似文献
12.
We investigate the rate of convergence of the Wong-Zakai approximations for second-order stochastic PDEs of parabolic type
driven by a multi-dimensional Wiener
process W.
The title of this article in the online version was published incorrectly. The correct title appears above. Springer regrets
the error. The online version of the original article can be found at 相似文献
13.
Blends of polyarylate of bisphenol A, PAr, with two commercial main chain liquid crystalline polymers, Vectra A950 and Vectra B950, are studied. From dynamic viscoelastic measurements it is deduced that both systems (PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950) are immiscible and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show the presence of spherical domains of the liquid crystalline polymer when PAr constitutes the matrix. Extrusion capillary measurements reveal that, under conditions of temperature and shear rate similar to those of processing, the viscosity is reduced to approximately 10% of its value when the content of liquid crystalline polymer is only 20%. This great improvement of the rheological properties is observed in both PAr/Vectra A950 and PAr/Vectra B950 blends. The effect of draw ratio on Young's modulus for different compositions is also analyzed, pointing out the reinforcing action of both liquid crystalline polymers on polyarylate: for instance, 20% of Vectra B950 in the blend gives rise to a 700% increase of the modulus of fibres prepared at a draw ratio of 50. SEM of the extrudates reveals that the spherical domains are elongated at the entrance of the capillary giving rise to a microfibrillar morphology which is related to the excellent rheological and mechanical properties of the blends. 相似文献
14.
15.
Andreas Mayer Stephan Neuenhofer 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1994,33(10):1044-1072
Chemical, chromatographic, or spectrometric methods are generally unsuitable for the detection of molecules in the nano and subnanogram region because of their low sensitivity. The radioimmunoassay (RIA) developed by Yalow and Berson in 1959 combined the high sensitivity of radioactively labeled substances with the high specificity of immunological reactions for the first time. In this way it was possible to detect quantitatively the tiniest traces of substances in the presence of an excess of other, in some cases, similar foreign substances without prior enrichment. Immunoassays have certainly developed to become the most valuable analytical tool of in vitro diagnostics and are today routinely employed for the detection of endogenous and exogenous substances (e.g. hormones, tumor-associated proteins, bacteria, viruses, toxins, drugs, etc). The many disadvantages of radioactivity such as the required handling licenses, disposal costs, precautions necessary to prevent risks to health, short shelf-life, and limited sensitivity soon led to the search for other nonradioactive labeling methods. Encouraged by the development of light measuring techniques and the commercial availability of highly sensitive apparatus, radioactive isotopes as labels are today being replaced increasingly by enzymes, fluorophores, or luminophores. Some of the new luminescent labels have, however, not only facilitated replacement of radioisotopes, but also a breakthrough into what has until now been unattainable levels of sensitivity. The following article reviews the methods of luminescent labeling and their applications mainly in the area of immunoassays. 相似文献
16.
For any self-adjoint realization S of a singular Sturm-Liouville equation on an interval (a,b) with limit-circle endpoints, we construct a family of self-adjoint realizations S r ,r ∈ (0,∞), of this equation on subintervals (a r ,b r ) of (a,b) such that every eigenvalue of S is the limit of a continuous eigenvalue branch of this family. Of particular interest are the cases when at least one endpoint is oscillatory or the leading coefficient function changes sign. In these cases, we show that the index determining each continuous eigenvalue branch has an infinite number of jump discontinuities and give an explicit characterization of these discontinuities. 相似文献
17.
Novel oscillatory flow results of phenoxy/organoclay nanocomposites are analysed considering the blocking effect of nanostructure on polymer chain mobility. The modification provoked by this hindering effect on loss tangent spectrum is investigated. The study of three different systems, involving a pristine montmorillonite and two montmorillonites modified with one alkyl tail and two alkyl tails, respectively, leads to conclude that polymer-alkyl repulsive interactions play the most important role in the chain mobility obstruction process. Our results suggest that polymer-alkyl interactions increase with temperature. 相似文献
18.
Ecaterina Stela Dragan Marcela Mihai Anton Airinei 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(20):5898-5908
The thermochemical transformation of electrostatically formed complexes of methyl orange (MO) with polycations containing primary amine groups such as ammonium salts afforded new polymers with a high concentration of covalently bound 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminoazobenzene groups in the side chain. Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(β‐aminoethylene acrylamide hydrochloride) were employed as support polycations for MO. The transformation of sulfonate–ammonium ion pairs into sulfonamide bonds, via heating at an elevated temperature, was supported by the polymer properties before and after the thermal treatment. The polymer structure changes were monitored with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The spacer length between the backbone and azobenzene structures used as side chains strongly influenced the polymer properties before and after the heat‐induced reaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5898–5908, 2006 相似文献
19.
Determination of 11 aminoglycosides in meat and liver by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A method using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of 11 commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotics in meat. The proposed method is sufficiently sensitive (detection limits of 15 to 40 ppb for the various antibiotics) and highly selective. It is suitable for the quantitation and confirmation of aminoglycosides in a variety of matrixes (pork muscle, fish, and veal liver). Any multiresidue method for aminoglycosides must take into account their high affinity toward sample proteins and the significantly different pK values of the various analytes. The developed method uses a low-pH extraction with trichloracetic acid to ensure complete extraction of the analytes from the matrix. An anion-exchange step is used to remove the acid from the centrifuged extract. Aminoglycosides in this solution of low ionic strength can be quantitatively retained and afterwards eluted from a weak cation-exchanger solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The highly selective SPE steps produce clean extracts, which minimize possible suppression of the mass spectrometer signal. 相似文献
20.
Aarnts MP Wilms MP Peelen K Fraanje J Goubitz K Hartl F Stufkens DJ Baerends EJ Vlcek A 《Inorganic chemistry》1996,35(19):5468-5477
Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) was synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (119)Sn NMR, and mass (FAB(+)) spectroscopies and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which proved the presence of a nearly linear Sn-Ru-Sn unit. Crystals of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB).3.5C(6)H(6) form in the triclinic space group P&onemacr; in a unit cell of dimensions a = 11.662(6) ?, b = 13.902(3) ?, c = 19.643(2) ?, alpha = 71.24(2) degrees, beta = 86.91(4) degrees, gamma = 77.89(3) degrees, and V = 2946(3) ?(3). One-electron reduction of Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB) produces the stable radical-anion [Ru(SnPh(3))(2)(CO)(2)(iPr-DAB)](*-) that was characterized by IR, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. Its EPR spectrum shows a signal at g = 1.9960 with well resolved Sn, Ru, and iPr-DAB (H, N) hyperfine couplings. DFT-MO calculations on the model compound Ru(SnH(3))(2)(CO)(2)(H-DAB) reveal that the HOMO is mainly of sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) character mixed strongly with the lowest pi orbital of the H-DAB ligand. The LUMO (SOMO in the reduced complex) should be viewed as predominantly pi(H-DAB) with an admixture of the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn) orbital. Accordingly, the lowest-energy absorption band of the neutral species will mainly belong to the sigma(Sn-Ru-Sn)-->pi(iPr-DAB) charge transfer transition. The intrinsic strength of the Ru-Sn bond and the delocalized character of the three-center four-electron Sn-Ru-Sn sigma-bond account for the inherent stability of the radical anion. 相似文献