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11.
Kar S Borghesi M Bulanov SV Key MH Liseykina TV Macchi A Mackinnon AJ Patel PK Romagnani L Schiavi A Willi O 《Physical review letters》2008,100(22):225004
Experimental evidence of plasma jets ejected from the rear side of thin solid targets irradiated by ultraintense (>10(19) W cm(-2)) laser pulses is presented. The jets, detected by transverse interferometric measurements with high spatial and temporal resolutions, show collimated expansion lasting for several hundreds of picoseconds and have substantially steep density gradients at their periphery. The role played by radiation pressure of the laser in the jet formation process is highlighted analytically and by extensive two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. 相似文献
12.
CM Silva MF Duarte ML Mira MH Florêncio K Versluis AJ Heck 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(12):1098-1103
Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Lee KK Benedetti LR Jeanloz R Celliers PM Eggert JH Hicks DG Moon SJ Mackinnon A Da Silva LB Bradley DK Unites W Collins GW Henry E Koenig M Benuzzi-Mounaix A Pasley J Neely D 《The Journal of chemical physics》2006,125(1):014701
Laser-driven shock compression of samples precompressed to 1 GPa produces high-pressure-temperature conditions inducing two significant changes in the optical properties of water: the onset of opacity followed by enhanced reflectivity in the initially transparent water. The onset of reflectivity at infrared wavelengths can be interpreted as a semiconductor<-->electronic conductor transition in water, and is found at pressures above approximately 130 GPa for single-shocked samples precompressed to 1 GPa. Our results indicate that conductivity in the deep interior of "icy" giant planets is greater than realized previously because of an additional contribution from electrons. 相似文献
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Mackinnon AJ Patel PK Borghesi M Clarke RC Freeman RR Habara H Hatchett SP Hey D Hicks DG Kar S Key MH King JA Lancaster K Neely D Nikkro A Norreys PA Notley MM Phillips TW Romagnani L Snavely RA Stephens RB Town RP 《Physical review letters》2006,97(4):045001
Protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse have been used to radiograph a 500 microm diameter capsule, imploded with 300 J of laser light in 6 symmetrically incident beams of wavelength 1.054 microm and pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to characterize the density gradients at discrete times through the implosion. Asymmetries were diagnosed both during the early and stagnation stages of the implosion. Comparison with analytic scattering theory and simple Monte Carlo simulations were consistent with a 3+/-1 g/cm3 core with diameter 85+/-10 microm. Scaling simulations show that protons>50 MeV are required to diagnose asymmetry in ignition scale conditions. 相似文献
17.
Duan Li Ou Pierre M. Chevalier Iain A. Mackinnon Katsuya Eguchi Ronald Boisvert Kai Su 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):407-412
Silicon containing materials have traditionally been used in microelectronic fabrication. Semi-conductor devices often have one or more arrays of patterned interconnect levels that serve to electrically couple the individual circuit elements forming an integrated circuit. These interconnect levels are typically separated by an insulating or dielectric film. Previously, a silicon oxide film was the most commonly used material for such dielectric films having dielectric constants (k) near 4.0. However, as the feature size is continuously scaling down, the relatively high k of such silicon oxide films became inadequate to provide efficient electrical insulation. As such, there has been an increasing market demand for materials with even lower dielectric constant for Interlayer Dielectric (ILD) applications, yet retaining thermal and mechanical integrity. We wish to report here our investigations on the preparation of ultra-low k ILD materials using a sacrificial approach whereby organic groups are burnt out to generate low k porous ORMOSIL films. We have been able to prepare a variety of organically modified silicone resins leading to highly microporous thin films, exhibiting ultra-low k from 1.80 to 2.87, and good to high modulus, 1.5 to 5.5 GPa. Structure property influences on porosity, dielectric constant and modulus will be discussed. 相似文献
18.
K. Noble A.B. Seddon M.L. Turner P. Chevalier I.A. Mackinnon 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):807-810
We report the preparation of polysiloxane-modified mesoporous silica gels derived from the acid catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and oligomeric silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the presence of the non-ionic surfactant, octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether. The gels were characterised using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 29Si solid state cross-polarisation (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TGA and IR spectroscopy showed the loss of surfactant after calcination and a decrease in the Si–OH band at 950 cm–1 indicated further condensation had occurred. This was confirmed by the increase in Q4 at –110 ppm, in 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, which also showed that calcination had led to the redistribution of PDMS forming a T species. XRD data showed ordering within the structure, with an initial d-spacing of 45 Å, decreasing to 35 Å after calcination. 相似文献
19.
Sean M. Mackinnon Timothy P. Bender Zhi Yuan Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2000,38(1):9-17
The synthesis of a new A2X‐type difluoride monomer, N‐2‐pyridyl‐4′,4″‐bis‐(4‐fluorobenzenesulfonyl)‐o‐terphenyl‐3,6‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dicarboxylic imide ( 3 ), is described. The monomer 3 was incorporated into a series of copoly(aryl ether sulfone)s by polymerization of 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol and 4,4′‐difluorophenylsulfone. The incorporation of monomer 3 had an observable effect on both the glass‐transition temperature of poly(aryl ether sulfone)s and the tendency for macrocyclic oligomers to form during polymerization. Replacement of the pyridyl imide group via a transimidization reaction with propargyl amine proceeded quantitatively and without polymer degradation. The acetylene containing copoly(aryl ether sulfone) could be crosslinked by simple thermal treatment, resulting in an increase in the glass‐transition temperature and solvent resistance. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 9–17, 2000 相似文献
20.
Borghesi M Mackinnon AJ Campbell DH Hicks DG Kar S Patel PK Price D Romagnani L Schiavi A Willi O 《Physical review letters》2004,92(5):055003
A study of the properties of multi-MeV proton emission from thin foils following ultraintense laser irradiation has been carried out. It has been shown that the protons are emitted, in a quasilaminar fashion, from a region of transverse size of the order of 100-200 microm. The imaging properties of the proton source are equivalent to those of a much smaller source located several hundred microm in front of the foil. This finding has been obtained by analyzing proton radiographs of periodically structured test objects, and is corroborated by observations of proton emission from laser-heated thick targets. 相似文献