超表面透镜的像差分析和成像技术研究

传统光学透镜及光学系统基于光传播效应实现电磁波调控功能,其体积较大、不易集成.而超表面是由人工亚波长尺度单元构成的二维平面结构,由于其相对于传统透镜具有超薄的优势,并且可以实现对光场的任意调控,近年来在光学成像领域得到广泛研究和应用.本文阐述了超表面透镜的工作原理,分析了超表面成像透镜的单色像差和色像差成因以及对应的像...     

微波辅助萃取-HG-AFS测定土壤中无机砷

采用微波辅助萃取分析物,联合原子荧光光谱技术,建立了微波辅助萃取-HG-AFS测定土壤中无机砷的分析方法。用正交试验设计结合单因素试验优化了样品粒度、萃取温度、萃取时间、固液比等微波萃取条件,研究了共存离子对无机砷测定的干扰情况。方法的线性范围为1.0~160.0μg/L,无机砷的检出限为0.20μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.3%,样品回收率为93.0%~98.5%。用本法分析3个不同产地有代表性土壤中无机砷量。     

掺锗硅基高非线性光纤超连续光源研究

利用非线性偏振旋转锁模掺铒光纤激光器和1100m长的掺锗硅基高非线性光纤制作了超连续光源,获得了从1150～1750nm的超宽带输出光谱,其中1150～1350nm波段光谱起伏小于3dB,1600～1700nm波段平坦度优于1dB,并有很好的向长波延展空间。光谱展宽的机理为孤子分裂与受激拉曼散射,而四波混频使光谱进一步展宽。     

H2SO4-H2O中硝酸铜对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响

以处理后的脱硫石膏为原料,在H₂SO₄-H₂O体系中以Cu(NO₃)₂为晶形控制剂采用水热法制备脱硫石膏晶须,探讨了Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响机理。结果表明:Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏有明显促溶作用,其中Cu²⁺可减小溶液中各离子的活度系数,使溶液中的Ca²⁺浓度增大。NO^-₃通过静电作用在Ca²⁺周围聚集并对SO^2-₄产生屏蔽作用,导致脱硫石膏继续溶解并使Ca²⁺和SO^2-₄的浓度处于相对稳定状态,有利于半水脱硫石膏晶体的形核与生长。此外,Cu²⁺还可在晶须的生长过程中选择性吸附在晶须表面,生成CuSO₄,促进了脱硫石膏的结晶生长,最终在Cu(NO₃)₂用量为2.0%(质量分数)时制备的脱硫石膏晶须长径比约为73。     

低照度固体成像夜视头戴系统物镜设计

为满足夜间低照度天候条件下装备维修保障需求,设计了一款大相对孔径的可见光/近红外波段的复消色差物镜。通过选择合适的光学玻璃材料,在可见/近红外波段很好地校正了二级光谱。设计完成的大相对孔径物镜焦距3.75 mm,F#为1.2,视场70.25°,畸变-17.5%,系统总长40 mm。该共焦型物镜在486～950 nm光谱范围条件下,无需调焦即能满足夜间观察使用需求,为低照度夜视头戴系统光学模组研制提供了新的技术手段。     

α-苯甲胺基-β-(3-吲哚基)-丙酸甲酯的合成

以L-色氨酸为原料经过4步得到α-苯甲胺基-β-(3-吲哚基)-丙酸甲酯,它是一种具有潜在的抗肿瘤活性的吲哚二酮哌嗪化合物的中间体,首先通过“酰氯法”合成L-色氨酸甲酯盐酸盐,再脱去盐酸,与苯甲醛发生缩合反应形成希夫碱,最后选择性还原,得目的产物,得率54.9%.     

轴流压气机势流和尾迹相互干涉叠加效应分析

尾迹与势流的相互作用对压气机叶片表面的压力波动强度和出口的轴向速度分布及波动会产生很大影响。针对两级跨声速轴流压气机,采用数值方法研究两排转子叶片周向相对位置不同情况下,叶片表面压力波动抵消区域位置发生的变化。研究结果表明:转子叶片周向位置的变化会对静子叶片尾迹形态产生影响,会导致叶片表面压力波动抵消区域发生变化。伴随转子叶片周向相对位置的变化,存在上游转子叶片尾迹减缓下游静子叶片尾迹衰减的现象,从而改变了叶片排之间的相互干涉强度,并使叶片表面压力波动强度发生变化。     

Synthesis and characterization of p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals

High-quality p-type boron-doped IIb diamond large single crystals are successfully synthesized by the temperature gradient method in a china-type cubic anvil high-pressure apparatus at about 5.5 GPa and 1600 K.The morphologies and surface textures of the synthetic diamond crystals with different boron additive quantities are characterized by using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope respectively.The impurities of nitrogen and boron in diamonds are detected by micro Fourier transform infrared technique.The electrical properties including resistivities,Hall coefficients,Hall mobilities and carrier densities of the synthesized samples are measured by a four-point probe and the Hall effect method.The results show that large p-type boron-doped diamond single crystals with few nitrogen impurities have been synthesized.With the increase of quantity of additive boron,some high-index crystal faces such as {113} gradually disappear,and some stripes and triangle pits occur on the crystal surface.This work is helpful for the further research and application of boron-doped semiconductor diamond.     

Effects of a carbon convection field on large diamond growth under high-pressure high-temperature conditions

Large diamond crystals were successfully synthesized by a FeNi-C system using the temperature gradient method under high-pressure high-temperature conditions. The assembly of the growth cell was improved and the growth process of diamond was investigated. Effects of the symmetry of the carbon convection field around the growing diamond crystal were investigated systematically by adjusting the position of the seed crystal in the melted catalyst/solvent. The results indicate that the morphologies and metal inclusion distributions of the synthetic diamond crystals vary obviously in both symmetric and non-symmetric carbon convection fields with temperature. Moreover, the finite element method was applied to analyze the carbon convection mode of the melted catalyst/solvent around the diamond crystal. This work is helpful for understanding the growth mechanism of diamond.     

风轮结构动力学参数优化改进方法研究

提出三种风轮结构动力学性能改进方法,在风轮实际挂机安装条件下进行模态测试。研究发现:翼型加厚可有效提升风轮前三阶固有频率15%以上,但却会使风轮共振带拓宽;双夹板式叶片连接方式可使风轮1阶固有频率明显下降,但却使风轮2、3阶固有频率显著升高,且亦会使风轮共振带拓宽;沿叶展方向开槽和加肋提升风轮前三阶固有频率的程度相对较小,其对各阶反对称振动频率的提升效果较同阶对称振动频率提升效果显著,且不会造成风轮共振带的拓宽;翼型加厚和双夹板式叶片连接方式可实现风轮前三阶振动阻尼比呈较均匀稳定的下降;沿叶展方向开槽和加肋虽使风轮1阶反对称振动阻尼比增大,但随振动阶数升高,可使阻尼比一直保持稳定的下降趋势。