A Parametric Dynamic Model of Dark Energy

The double complex symmetric gravitational theory is extended to the parametric symmetric gravitational theory by introducing a parameter β. Hence parametric Friedmann-Robertson-Walker equations are obtained and some characters of dark energy in corresponding spaces are discussed by taking different values of β. In our method some previous results can be included as the special case of our results. It is worth noting that some characters of dark energy can be more intuitively described in our model. By analysis, we can predict that the fate of universe would be a Big Rip in the future, and also find that the state parameters for the two different constraint conditions wФ are consistent with the present cosmological observations.     

Unified symmetry of nonholonomic mechanical systems with variable mass

Based on the total time derivative along the trajectory of the system the definition and the criterion for a unified symmetry of nonholonomic mechanical system with variable mass are presented in this paper. A new conserved quantity, as well as the Noether conserved quantity and the Hojman conserved quantity, deduced from the unified symmetry, are also obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

水热合成六方相NaYbF4∶Er3+/Tm3+的上转换白光性质

在反应温度为220℃,反应时间为48h的温和条件下,利用水热法合成单掺杂或共掺杂Tm3 、Er3 的六方相NaYbF4体系,利用X射线粉末衍射、紫外-可见-近红外漫反射吸收光谱以及荧光光谱等测试手段,分析体系的物相结构和荧光性能。在980nm红外激光的激发下,NaYbF4∶Er3 体系能发出强的绿光和红光,两者分别对应于Er3 离子的(2H11/2,4S3/2)→4I15/2、4F9/2→4I15/2能级跃迁;NaYbF4∶Tm3 体系能发出对应于Tm3 离子1D2→3F4和1G4→3H6能级跃迁的强蓝光;而NaYbF4∶Er3 /Tm3 体系能同时发出红蓝绿三种颜色的光;各发射的归属与单掺杂相同,但由于Er3 和Tm3 离子之间存在能量交叉弛豫,致使各发光强度发生变化。通过控制Er3 和Tm3 离子的浓度及其比例,可以调整NaYbF4∶Er3 /Tm3 体系的上转换蓝光、绿光和红光强度的比例,结果表明,在980nm红外激光的激发下,NaYbF4∶Er3 /Tm3 (0.4%/0.4%)能发出近似白光的上转换发射。因此,NaYbF4∶Er3 /Tm3 有望成为单一基质的上转换白光材料。     

The relation between composition in laser absorption region and ambient pressure

In this paper, the compositions in a laser absorption region can be determined from the experiment of laser impulse coupling. When the ambient pressure varies from 9325 to 33325Pa, the compositions are vapour and plasma; while from 35325 to 101325Pa, they are ambient air and plasma. By analysing the relation between the degree of compression and the ambient pressure, the compositions can be determined and the variation of plasma can be explained.     

半球形空腔约束等离子体的时空演变特性研究

为研究半球形空腔对等离子体辐射的增强作用,利用不同直径的半球形空腔对激光烧蚀合金钢产生的等离子体进行约束,结果发现,半球形空腔对等离子体辐射的最佳增强倍数随着半球形空腔直径的增大呈现先增大后减小再增大最后减小的规律,且最佳增强倍数对应的延迟时间与半球形空腔直径存在线性关系。分析结果表明:最佳的半球形空腔直径为10mm,延迟时间为10μs时,采用该直径的半球形空腔对等离子体辐射具有最优的增强效果。对无约束和半球形空腔约束下的等离子体辐射光谱进行了空间分辨测量,结果发现:在无约束情况下,随着膨胀扩张,等离子体演变为尺寸较大且强度较低的辐射源;在半球形空腔约束情况下,等离子体尺寸较小,但强度较高。研究结果表明,等离子体的辐射增强是半球形空腔对等离子体的三维空间压缩效应引起的,且增强效果受半球形空腔直径的影响。     

以伏安法测电阻为例谈大学中学物理实验教学的衔接

大学中学物理实验教学衔接是实验教学的重要问题,本文在分析了当前物理实验教学现状的基础上,以伏安法测电阻为例,指出了解决该问题的具体办法,为大学中学物理实验教学衔接探索了一条可行的途径。     

Moessbauer Investigation of the Ferromagnetic Coupling in Copper-Iron Polycyanides

One of the Prussian blue analogs, molecular magnet Cu3^Ⅲ [Fe^Ⅲ (CN)6]2.11.6H2 O, was investigated by Moessbauer spectroscopy. It was found that transition temperature was around Tc = 18.5 K from paramagnetic phase to ferromagnetic phase. The β value of the critical exponent is around 0.338 at magnetic ordering temperature.Therefore, the ferromagnetic coupling interaction of Cu-Fe cyanide could be clearly explained by spin wave theory.     

基于近似解析法的超导储能磁体设计

降低超导储能磁体的研制成本一直是控制超导磁储能系统(Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, SMES)总成本的重要手段之一.本文考虑在一定磁体结构参数范围内,磁体产生的最大磁场值可以采用级数进行表示,磁体的电感值可以采用线性函数表示,给出了超导储能磁体磁场能量的近似解析表达式,提出了一种基于近似解析法的超导储能磁体设计方法.该方法以储能磁体的线材用量最小作为设计目标,在给定超导线材参数和临界电流特性曲线,以及磁体储能总量要求的情况下,依据此方法可快速的得到成本最优时所对应的磁体结构参数.将近似解析法优化和采用传统的有限元软件Ansys仿真优化进行对比分析,结果表明采用近似解析法进行磁体优化更加方便快捷,节省了大量计算时间.     

Fusionable and fissionable waves of (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation

We investigate a (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation and describe its nonlinear dynamical behaviors in physics. Based on the N-soliton solutions, the higher-order fissionable and fusionable waves, fissionable or fusionable waves mixed with soliton molecular and breather waves can be obtained by various constraints of special parameters. At the same time, by the long wave limit method, the interaction waves between fissionable or fusionable waves with higher-order lumps are acquired. Combined with the dynamic figures of the waves, the properties of the solution are deeply studied to reveal the physical significance of the waves.     

天然钻石与合成钻石的特异性光谱初步研究

通过紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR) 吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱及钻石观测仪( DiamondViewTM)对天然钻石、经辐照或热处理的天然钻石、高温高压(HTHP)合成钻石及化学气相沉积(CVD)合成钻石进行了较系统的谱图及微区生长结构的对比研究。结果表明：天然钻石、经辐照或高温退火处理后的天然钻石、高温高压(HTHP)合成钻石的UV-Vis-NIR吸收谱图在200～1 100 nm区间谱图的反射率变化明显。相比之下,CVD合成钻石的反射率的变化相对较小。基于钻石样品的红外光谱分析,在其图谱中的800～1 600 cm-1区间,合成钻石样品、特别是CVD合成钻石在上述区间无明显的特征吸收峰位。此外,DiamondViewTM检测表明：一般而言,经HTHP处理后的CVD合成钻石出现平行的位错线,并呈现淡蓝色荧光。部分天然钻石可见典型的八面体生长线或称为树的年轮状图像,且因样品经辐照与高温高压处理后其荧光图像的颜色发生改变。高温高压合成钻石呈现出块状几何生长图像。限于钻石样品类别的多样性及合成钻石工艺的复杂且不断更新特征,天然钻石与合成钻石 的UV-Vis-NIR或FTIR光谱特征存在一定的相似性,因此不具有典型天然钻石图谱特征的样品需进一步辅以DiamondViewTM、光致发光光谱等其他检测仪器予以综合分析。