直接鉴别延胡索及其伪品的FTIR-主成分分析法研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱直接测定法测定了延胡索及其伪品齿瓣元胡、东北延胡索、土元胡、新疆延胡索及夏天无的傅里叶变换红外光谱,采用主成分析法比较了正伪品之间的差异程度.结果表明基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的主成分分析在反映同属不同种植物化学组成差异程度上具有应用价值.     

核电站最小安全系统电磁脉冲效应试验研究

高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)可通过线缆、孔缝等耦合通道进入电子设备,对各种电子化设备造成暂时甚至永久损伤。考虑到核电站的安全防护等级要求极高,因此有必要研究强电磁脉冲作用下核电站内电子系统的易损性和薄弱环节。首先确定并搭建了核电站最小安全系统模拟试验系统,包括电气、仪控系统和时钟同步系统; 搭建满足GJB 8848-2016规定的威胁级辐照试验平台; 然后对核电站最小安全系统进行辐照效应试验。利用试验数据及效应现象,初步分析了核电站最小安全系统在强电磁脉冲作用下的效应规律,发现HEMP对核电站最小安全系统具有一定程度的威胁,但未影响其核心关键职能。通过总结效应现象、分析薄弱环节和效应阈值,为接下来核电站最小安全系统的易损性评估和防护策略的制定提供依据。     

Deflection angle switching with a metasurface based on phase-change nanorods [Invited]

We propose the active metasurface using phase-change material Ge_2Sb_2Te_5(GST), which has two distinct phases so called amorphous and crystalline phases, for an ultrathin light path switching device. By arranging multiple anisotropic GST nanorods, the gradient metasurface, which has opposite directions of phase gradients at the two distinct phases of GST, is demonstrated theoretically and numerically. As a result, in the case of normal incidence of circularly polarized light at the wavelength of 1650 nm, the cross-polarized light deflects to-55.6° at the amorphous phase and +55.6° at the crystalline phase with the signal-to-noise ratio above 10 dB.     

Improved electrochemical performances of high voltage LiCoO_2 with tungsten doping

The effects of tungsten W doping and coating on the electrochemical performance of LiCoO_2 cathode are comparatively studied in this work. The amount of modification component is as low as 0.1 wt% and 0.3 wt% respectively. After 100 cycles between 3.0 V–4.6 V, 0.1 wt% W doping provides an optimized capacity retention of 72.3%. However, W coating deteriorates battery performance with capacity retention of 47.8%, even lower than bare LiCoO_2 of 55.7%. These different electrochemical performances can be attributed to the surface aggregation of W between doping and coating methods. W substitution is proved to be a promising method to develop high voltage cathodes. Practical performance relies on detailed synthesis method.     

邻香草醛荧光酮对铝的显色反应研究

研究了邻香草醛荧光酮与铝的显色反应,在表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,在pH 6.30的乙酸氨缓冲溶液介质中,铝与该试剂形成稳定络合物。其最大吸收波长位于559 nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数1.29×105L.mo-l1.cm-1,铝量在0~0.32μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律。用于石英砂样品中的铝的测定,结果满意。     

NH3/NH4Cl中镍(Ⅱ)-丁二肟体系在悬汞电极上电化学还原机理的研究

The behaviour of the Nickel(Ⅱ) ion in the presence of dimethyl-glyoxime (DMG) on the hanging mercury drop electrode in NH_3/NH_4Cl media was investigated with different electrochemical techniques. It was found that: (1) the reactant was Ni(Ⅱ) complex with DMG, Ni(Ⅱ)A_2, adsorbed on the electrode surface; (2) the intermediate was Ni(Ⅰ)A_2 and (3) the product was metal amalgam Ni(0)(Hg). Two electrons were transferred in the overall reaction and the transfer coefficient was 1.8 which was measured experimentally. From experimental results, it was obvious that the reaction orders with respect to Ni(Ⅱ), DMG and H~+ were 1,2, and 1, respectively. A new compound, X, was detected. The reaction scheme could be written as followsNi(Ⅱ)A_2+Hg<=>Ni(Ⅱ)A_2(ads)(Hg)Ni(Ⅱ)A_2(ads)(Hg)+e~-<=>Ni(Ⅰ)A_2(ads)(Hg)Ni(Ⅰ)A_2(ads)(Hg)+H~++e~-→Ni(0)(Hg)+HA(des)+A~-(des)→X+Hg     

氮掺入对N型纳米硅薄膜微观结构及光电特性影响

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术(PECVD)通过改变NH₃流量制备出不同含氮量N型富硅氮化硅硅薄膜。利用Raman散射、红外吸收、紫外-可见光分光光度计及暗态I-V测量等技术分析了氮掺入对薄膜微观结构以及光电特性的影响。结果显示,随着NH₃的增加,薄膜由微晶硅向纳米硅结构转变,薄膜中晶粒尺寸减少,晶化度降低,微观结构有序性降低,所对应薄膜光学带隙增大,而带尾分布变窄。同时,红外吸收谱分析表明,Si—N键合密度增加,P掺杂受阻。暗态I-V测量显示,薄膜电导率随着NH₃掺入整体较微晶硅降低,但随NH₃增加,电导率受到迁移率和载流子浓度等特征共同作用先降低后变大,揭示了影响薄膜电导率的机制存在一定的竞争,然而过高的非晶网络结构将增大载流子的复合导致薄膜电导率显著降低。     

炸药爆轰制备纳米石墨粉储放氢性能实验研究

介绍了一种新的制备纳米石墨粉的方法——炸药爆轰法.通过对爆轰合成的黑色粉末进行x射线衍射分析，确认其为六方结构的纳米石墨，平均晶粒度为1.86—2.61nm.用BET气体吸附仪测试纳米石墨粉的比表面积约为500—650m2/g，由比表面积计算得到的纳米石墨粒度为4.41—6.85nm.在室温（≈290K）和12MPa压力条件下对纳米石墨粉进行储放氢气性能测试，结果表明纳米石墨粉样品的储放氢量为0.33wt%—0.37wt％.在相同实验条件下，纳米石墨粉原始样品的储放氢能力较原始纳米炭纤维（0.15wt%—0.35wt％）和多壁碳纳米管（0.15wt%—0.20wt％）的储放氢能力略强,但低于超级活性炭（0.92wt%—0.98wt％）.纳米碳材料的比表面积在其储放氢实验中起关键作用. 关键词： 爆轰 纳米石墨粉 比表面积 储放氢量     

空频复用光纤中四波混频过程的解析分析方法

空分复用(SDM)与波分复用(WDM)的结合有效提升了光纤通信系统的容量,其中光纤的非线性影响不可忽视.本文将光纤四波混频作用过程由WDM频域推广到模分复用(MDM)空间域,第一次给出抽运消耗情形下空频域四波混频的统一解析表达式.通过数值计算非简并四波混频耦合模方程的幅度和相位演化特性,验证了解析分析方法的正确性.讨论了解析解在多波耦合方程简化、大规模并行相位运算器设计以及快速非线性补偿等方面的应用.     

俄罗斯“绿龙晶”的成分和结构特征研究

随着近几年文玩市场的兴起,"绿龙晶"成为人们喜爱的一类新兴的宝玉石品种。目前对于"绿龙晶"的主要矿物组成的认识仍存分歧。采用常规宝石学仪器测试、电子探针、红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射测试方法对产自俄罗斯的"绿龙晶"玉的基本性质、化学成分、红外吸收光谱及矿物组成特征等进行了较为详细的研究分析。结果显示:俄罗斯"绿龙晶"玉主要为深绿至灰绿色,表面具有特殊的放射状花纹及典型的丝绢光泽,折射率约为1.57,密度为2.61g·cm-3。"绿龙晶"中SiO2的含量为36.177%~36.651%,MgO含量为36.439%~36.730%,Al2O3含量为11.961%~12.318%,FeO含量为2.304%~2.853%,具富镁贫铁特点。样品中Al/(Al+Mg+Fe)为0.185 3~0.215 9,推测其为镁铁质岩蚀变成因。样品中的Si=3.10~3.40,Fe~(2+)/R~(2+)=0~0.024 8,属叶绿泥石类型。"绿龙晶"的红外吸收光谱为特征的绿泥石振动谱峰,高频区3 673cm~(-1)附近的吸收峰为OH伸缩振动所致,1 400cm~(-1)附近吸收峰属OH弯曲频率,1 000cm~(-1)附近的三个吸收峰由Si—O伸缩振动致,400~600cm~(-1)之间的吸收谱带属于Si—O弯曲振动。其中中频区1 000cm~(-1)附近分裂的三个吸收峰1 051,1 006和968cm~(-1)可作为鉴定其为叶绿泥石的关键证据。X射线粉晶衍射分析结果与化学成分及红外吸收光谱分析结果一致,显示"绿龙晶"中的主要组成矿物为叶绿泥石,非斜绿泥石。