水产品中喹烯酮和喹赛多及其主要代谢物残留的HPLC-MS/MS检测方法研究

以草鱼、南美白对虾、中华绒鳌蟹为样品,建立了喹烯酮(QCT)和喹赛多(CYA)及其主要代谢物脱二氧喹烯酮(BDQCT)、3-甲基喹啉-2-羧酸(MQCA)、脱二氧喹赛多(BDCYA)和喹啉-2-羧酸(QCA)多残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)确证检测方法。组织样品经乙腈-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)、盐酸溶液分步提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇、乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,经Waters XBridge C18色谱柱分离后,采用HPLC-MS/MS仪进行测定。采取正离子选择反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,喹烯酮和喹赛多及其主要代谢物的响应值与其质量浓度在2~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在加标浓度为5~50μg/kg范围内,6种待测物的平均回收率为76.3%~94.2%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~11.7%。方法的检出限为0.5~1.6μg/kg,定量下限为2.0~5.0μg/kg。该方法适用于水产品中QCT和CYA及其主要代谢物残留的确证检测和同时定量分析。     

超声增强藻酸钙凝胶支架材料孔隙率的研究

藻酸钙凝胶具有三维立体多孔结构, 能为细胞生长提供充分的附着空间, 且具有良好的生物相容性和一定的机械强度, 是一种理想的细胞支架材料. 本文研究了藻酸钙三维支架材料的力学特性与氯化钙/藻酸钠的配比的关系, 并提出采用低强度脉冲超声处理藻酸钙凝胶、基于超声空化效应增强藻酸钙凝胶孔隙率的新方法. 实验采用交联合成方法制备藻酸钙凝胶支架材料, 测量力学特性、孔洞的联通性与孔隙率, 并利用绿色荧光蛋白的表达评价细胞的增殖能力. 结果表明, 当氯化钙/藻酸钠的配比为3:5时, 凝胶的机械强度和弹性较好, 力学性能稳定, 为最佳配比参数. 采用声压0.055 MPa的脉冲超声作用20 min, 可以有效提高凝胶支架的孔隙率; 且细胞在该支架中生长状态良好, 呈现团簇状生长趋势.     

利用霍耳位置传感器测杨氏模量

固体材料杨氏模量是综合性大学和工科院校物理实验中必做的实验之一。该实验可以学习和掌握基本长度和微小位移量测量的方法和手段。探讨了利用霍尔位置传感器的输出电压与位移量线形关系以测量杨氏模量微小位移量的方法。     

Research of the use of silver nanowires as a current spreading layer on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Silver nanowire(AgNW) film was proposed to apply on the surface of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs) with large aperture in order to obtain a uniform current distribution in the active region and a better optical beam quality.Optimization of the AgNW film was carried out with the sheet resistance of 28.4 Ω/sq and the optical transmission of 94.8% at 850 nm.The performance of VCSELs with and without AgNW film was studied.When the AgNW film was applied to the surface of VCSELs,due to its better current spreading effect,the maximum output optical power increased from 23.4 mW to 24.4 mW,the lasing wavelength redshift decreased from 0.085 nm/mA to 0.077 nm/mA,the differential resistance decreased from 23.95 Ω to 21.13 Ω,and the far field pattern at 50 mA decreased from 21.6° to 19.2°.At the same time,the near field test results showed that the light in the aperture was more uniform,and the far field exhibited a better single peak characteristic.Various results showed that VCSELs with AgNW on the surface showed better beam quality.     

Interaction between encapsulated microbubbles:A finite element modelling study

Theoretical studies on the multi-bubble interaction are crucial for the in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind the applications of ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs) in clinics. A two-dimensional(2 D) axisymmetric finite element model(FEM) is developed here to investigate the bubble–bubble interactions for UCAs in a fluidic environment. The effect of the driving frequency and the bubble size on the bubble interaction tendency(viz., bubbles' attraction and repulsion),as well as the influences of bubble shell mechanical parameters(viz., surface tension coefficient and viscosity coefficient)are discussed. Based on FEM simulations, the temporal evolution of the bubbles' radii, the bubble–bubble distance, and the distribution of the velocity field in the surrounding fluid are investigated in detail. The results suggest that for the interacting bubble–bubble couple, the overall translational tendency should be determined by the relationship between the driving frequency and their resonance frequencies. When the driving frequency falls between the resonance frequencies of two bubbles with different sizes, they will repel each other, otherwise they will attract each other. For constant acoustic driving parameters used in this paper, the changing rate of the bubble radius decreases as the viscosity coefficient increases,and increases first then decreases as the bubble shell surface tension coefficient increases, which means that the strength of bubble–bubble interaction could be adjusted by changing the bubble shell visco-elasticity coefficients. The current work should provide a powerful explanation for the accumulation observations in an experiment, and provide a fundamental theoretical support for the applications of UCAs in clinics.     

Efficiency-enhanced AlGaInP light-emitting diodes using transparent plasmonic silver nanowires

Silver nanowire(AgNW) networks have been demonstrated to exhibit superior transparent and conductive performance over that of indium-doped tin oxide(ITO) and have been proposed to replace ITO, which is currently widely used in optoelectronic devices despite the scarcity of indium on Earth. In this paper, the current spreading and enhanced transmittance induced by AgNWs, which are two important factors influencing the light output power, were analyzed. The enhanced transmittance was studied by finite-difference time-domain simulation and verified by cathodoluminescence measurements.The enhancement ratio of the light output power decreased as the Ga P layer thickness increased, with enhancement ratio values of 79%, 52%, and 15% for Ga P layer thicknesses of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, and 8 μm, respectively, when an AgNW network was included in Al Ga In P light-emitting diodes. This was because of the decreased current distribution tunability of the AgNW network with the increase of the Ga P layer thickness. The large enhancement of the light output power was caused by the AgNWs increasing carrier spread out of the electrode and the enhanced transmittance induced by the plasmonic AgNWs. Further decreasing the sheet resistance of AgNW networks could raise their light output power enhancement ratio.     

基于金纳米棒的核壳纳米结构及其光学性质研究

以金纳米棒为核的核壳结构纳米粒子由于它独特的光学性质、结构特点以及在催化、表面增强拉曼散射方面的应用前景,成为目前纳米材料研究的热点之一。本文重点介绍以金纳米棒为核,包覆其他无机材料的核/壳结构之合成方法,同时阐述其结构特征、光学性质以及外界条件对结构和性质的影响。其中,由于金银纳米核壳结构的研究开始最早,研究最为深入,故对其进行重点阐述。最后对以金纳米棒为核的核壳结构未来研究进行了展望。     

Study on shock wave-induced cavitation bubbles dissolution process

This study investigated dissolution processes of cavitation bubbles generated during in vivo shock wave(SW)-induced treatments. Both active cavitation detection(ACD) and the B-mode imaging technique were applied to measure the dissolution procedure of bi Spheres contrast agent bubbles by in vitro experiments. Besides, the simulation of SW-induced cavitation bubbles dissolution behaviors detected by the B-mode imaging system during in vivo SW treatments, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT), were carried out based on calculating the integrated scattering cross-section of dissolving gas bubbles with employing gas bubble dissolution equations and Gaussian bubble size distribution. The results showed that(i) B-mode imaging technology is an effective tool to monitor the temporal evolution of cavitation bubbles dissolution procedures after the SW pulses ceased, which is important for evaluation and controlling the cavitation activity generated during subsequent SW treatments within a treatment period;(ii) the characteristics of the bubbles, such as the bubble size distribution and gas diffusion, can be estimated by simulating the experimental data properly.     

固体粗糙界面与超声的非线性相互作用研究

本文提出了一种随机弹性接触界面与超声的非线性相互作用理论. 首先建立了描述随机弹性接触界面的模型, 然后分别研究了界面间应力-应变关系在线性简化模型、指数模型、高斯模型下与超声的非线性相互作用. 数值仿真和实验研究结果均表明高斯模型更适合描述固体接触界面. 本文在介观结构上解释了固体界面与超声的相互作用, 对工业超声无损检测裂缝、缺陷及损伤有指导意义. 关键词： 超声无损检测 固体粗糙界面 非线性效应     

高斯叠代法研究相控阵非线性声场

相控阵在聚焦超声治疗应用中不可避免地受到非线性影响,提出了采用高斯叠代法计算相控阵的非线性声场。在该方法中,利用预设焦点参数并应用伪逆矩阵算法得到阵元的激励参数;然后将阵元近似拟合成一组高斯声束的叠加,通过高斯声束叠代计算非线性声场。数值计算中以64阵元一维相控阵为研究对象;线性条件下,高斯叠代法结果与菲涅耳积分结果的误差低于0.5%,验证了该方法的可行性;单焦点及双焦点模式的相控阵非线性声场结果表明非线性效应能提高焦点聚焦性能,并且非线性效应与激励声压及激励频率成正比。