农村高中自制物理实验教具的实践与研究

针对高中物理教材,经过多年的实践,总结了一些经验,巧用信息技术,转化难做实验,让课堂动起来.     

一种新的自动聚焦算法的研究

聚焦评价函数和极点搜索策略是自动聚焦的重要模块,直接影响聚焦的效果.为同时满足自动聚焦速度和精度上的要求,提出了一种新的自动聚焦算法.该算法综合了快速改进的灰度差分法和高精度小波变换法的优点,根据各阶段聚焦评价函数的梯度选择合适的评价函数和镜头移动步长,并且实现了从大步长快速粗扫到小步长精确细调的过渡.实验表明,与传统...     

A Perfect Graphene Absorber with Waveguide Coupled High-Contrast Gratings

To achieve the enhancement and manipulation of light absorption in graphene within the visible and near infrared regions, a design consists of high-contrast gratings and two evanescently coupled slabs with graphene monolayer is demonstrated. The operation principle and design process of the proposed structure are analyzed using the coupled mode theory, which is confirmed by the rigorous coupled wave analysis. It is proved that the absorptance of graphene monolayer can be greatly enhanced to unity. The thickness of grating and slab layers can significantly change the line width and resonant mode position in the absorption spectra. Furthermore, high tunability in amplitude and bandwidth of the absorption spectra can be achieved by controlling the structural parameters of the hybrid structure. The proposed devices could be efficiently exploited as tunable and selective absorbers, and could be allowed to realize other two-dimensional materials-based selective photo-detectors.     

飞秒激光在细胞纳米手术中的应用

激光类型不同,其与生物组织的作用机理也不同。其中飞秒激光由于脉冲持续时间短、瞬时功率大、聚焦尺寸小的特点,使得其在超快、超强和超精细领域有着广阔的应用前景。而结构微小的细胞的动力学研究,如有丝分裂、变形和凋亡,对于了解细胞的生物和发育行为有着重要作用。且生物大分子和水几乎不吸收近红外波长的光,故考虑应用近红外飞秒激光对细胞进行手术。这种激光手术技术已用于对细胞内结构进行切割和蚀除。介绍了该技术在细胞领域中的一些应用,如纳米手术、基因转染和染色体切割等。与传统技术相比,该技术精度高,可在不损伤细胞活性的前提下对细胞进行实验。     

带初相位分布的径向基模激光束列阵在湍流大气中的传输特性研究

利用相干叠加原理和广义Huygens-Fresnel 衍射积分公式,理论上研究了具有确定初始相位排列的激光束列阵通过大气湍流的传播特性.发现在近距离的传输过程中,列阵光束的光强分布会出现螺旋状分布（即光学涡旋）.但由于大气湍流的影响,光束列阵远场涡旋特性随着传输距离的增加逐渐消失,成为无旋涡的实心光束;且当大气湍流变弱时,旋涡特性的有效传输距离逐渐变长. 关键词： 大气湍流 涡旋     

常温高压下碳酸根离子的拉曼谱峰标定压力初探

在准静水压的条件下,利用碳化硅压腔和显微拉曼光谱原位测量技术,在0～1.7 GPa压力范围测定22 ℃高压下三种不同的H₂O-Na₂CO₃体系(1.5,2.0,2.5 mol·L-1)中CO2-₃的对称伸缩振动ν_{1 066}拉曼谱峰的变化。结果表明,在室温条件下,碳酸根的ν_{1 066}峰的拉曼位移随着压力的增大而线性增加。三种浓度下ν_{1 066}峰的拉曼位移与压力的拟合直线彼此接近,斜率误差小于1%,偏差小于系统误差,因此在实验误差范围内碳酸根浓度对ν_{1 066}峰随压力变化的行为不存在影响。经过数据拟合得到公式：p/MPa=174.13 Δν_{1 066}/cm-1—59.03(Δν_{1 066}=ν_{1 066}-ν_{1 066}0,ν_{1 066}0为体系零压时碳酸根离子ν_{1 066}峰的拉曼位移)。此公式可以用于常温下在含有纯碳酸钠体系中的压力标定。     

Determination of the thermal noise limit in test of weak equivalence principle with a rotating torsion pendulum

Thermal noise is one of the most fundamental limits to the sensitivity in weak equivalence principle test with a rotating torsion pendulum. Velocity damping and internal damping are two of many contributions at the thermal noise, and which one mainly limits the torsion pendulum in low frequency is difficult to be verified by experiment. Based on the conventional method of fast Fourier transform, we propose a developed method to determine the thermal noise limit and then obtain the precise power spectrum density of the pendulum motion signal. The experiment result verifies that the thermal noise is mainly contributed by the internal damping in the fiber in the low frequency torsion pendulum experiment with a high vacuum. Quantitative data analysis shows that the basic noise level in the experiment is about one to two times of the theoretical value of internal damping thermal noise.     

Effects of multiple interruptions with trimethylindium-treatment in the InGaN/GaN quantum well on green light emitting diodes

In this study, the influence of multiple interruptions with trimethylindium(TMIn)-treatment in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) on green light-emitting diode(LED) is investigated. A comparison of conventional LEDs with the one fabricated with our method shows that the latter has better optical properties. Photoluminescence(PL) full-width at half maximum(FWHM) is reduced, light output power is much higher and the blue shift of electroluminescence(EL) dominant wavelength becomes smaller with current increasing. These improvements should be attributed to the reduced interface roughness of MQW and more uniformity of indium distribution in MQWs by the interruptions with TMIn-treatment.     

基于类耿氏效应的低密度聚乙烯中空间电荷包行为的模拟仿真

低密度聚乙烯材料中的空间电荷包现象通常会引起严重电场畸变而影响其击穿特性. 本文借鉴半导体中的耿氏效应的负微分迁移率机理来描述电荷包的形成机理,并结合载流子的注入条件及体内陷阱对电荷迁移的影响等因素,对文献中报道的两类外加场强不同且迁移趋势各异的空间电荷包行为进行了模拟仿真,模拟的电荷包大小随电场变化规律,电荷包迁移速率随时间变化规律等与相应实验结果符合.模拟结果表明,产生耿氏效应的负微分迁移率是造成电荷包非弥散传输的主要原因,其与材料电极注入情况及体内陷阱态的共同作用导致了空间电荷包行为迁移的多样性. 关键词： 空间电荷包 耿氏效应 模拟仿真 负微分迁移率     

光学系统的光束指向稳定性光电测试法研究

从振动的基本理论出发,应用矩阵光学理论,推导了光学图像法测试光束指向稳定性的原理。设计了光电法测试光束指向稳定性的测试应用,并搭建了实验光路,结果表明:光学图像法可以准确分析光束指向稳定性误差的大小、产生的误差的振动频率及其影响程度,并结合加速度计的电学法测试,可以探测光路中引起光束指向误差的来源。光电法测试结果正确可靠、简单方便,具有较好的工程应用价值,特别适合大型光学系统的光束指向稳定性测试。