用于激光等离子体磁场诊断的紧凑型偏振干涉仪

提出了一种紧凑型偏振干涉仪,其能够在单一记录设备上同时获得等离子体干涉、偏振以及阴影图,通过单发测量即可求解磁感应强度。通过理论分析和参数仿真,确定了干涉仪的最优光学设置,明确了干涉仪的误差来源。干涉仪被成功应用于激光固体靶自生磁场的实验中,可成功测量到几百微米空间尺度、10 T量级的磁场。借助磁流体模拟与虚拟仪器建模,得到了磁场的合成诊断图像,模拟合成结果与实验结果显示出令人满意的一致性。这种紧凑型偏振干涉仪有望提升大激光装置的实验效率,也可以用于提高小激光装置的灵活性,能够有效降低磁场诊断的成本和风险。     

基于梯度阈值自适应处理的红外图像超分辨率重建

超分辨率图像重建中,Huber马尔可夫随机场模型是一种常用的正则化算子.针对Huber函数中固定梯度阈值引起图像重建效果不佳的问题,本文提出一种梯度阈值自适应处理的红外图像超分辨率重建算法.在最大后验概率理论框架下,构造了基于数据项和正则项的正则化模型;通过迭代的方式,利用中间重建结果不断更新正则化参量,解决了Huber马尔可夫随机场模型中梯度阈值不易选择的难题.实验结果表明,改进算法能够根据局部梯度特征自适应选择相应的正则化参量并找到最优解,较好恢复目标细节的同时有效抑制了图像噪音.     

Generation and characterization of millimeter-scale plasmas for the research of laser plasma interactions on Shenguang-III prototype

In order to produce millimeter-scale plasmas for the research of laser-plasma interactions （LPIs）, gasbag target is designed and tested on Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. The x-ray pinhole images show that millimeter-scale plasmas are produced with the gasbag. The electron temperature inferred from the stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） spectrum is about 1.6 keV. The SRS spectrum also indicates that the electron density has a fiat region within the duration of 200 ps. The obvious differences between the results of the gasbag and that of the void half hohlraum show the feasibility of the gasbag target in creating millimeter-scale plasmas. The LPIs in these millimeter-scale plasmas may partially mimic those in the ignition condition because the duration of the existence of a flat plasma density is much larger than the growth time of the two main instabilities, i.e., SRS and stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS）. So we make the conclusion that the gasbag target can be used to research the large-scale LPIs.     

A simple analytical model of laser direct-drive thin shell target implosion

A high-neutron yield platform imploded by a thin shell target is generally built to probe nuclear science problems, and it has the advantages of high neutron yield, ultrashort fusion time, micro fusion zone, isotropic and monoenergetic neutron. Some analytical models have been proposed to interpret exploding-pusher target implosion driven by a long wavelength laser, whereas they are imperfect for a 0.35 μm laser implosion experiment. When using the 0.35 μm laser, the shell is ablated and accelerated to high implosion velocity governed by Newton's law, ablation acceleration and quasi-adiabatic compression models are suitable to explain the implosion of a laser direct-drive thin shell target. The new analytical model scales bang time, ion temperature and neutron yield for large variations in laser power, target radius, shell thickness, and fuel pressure. The predicted results of the analytical model are in agreement with experimental data on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, 100 kJ laser facility, Omega, and NIF, it demonstrates that the analytical model benefits the understanding of experiment performance and optimizing the target design of high neutron yield implosion.     

钛空腔靶高强度keV X射线源的实验研究

利用神光-Ⅲ原型激光装置实验研究了8束ns激光脉冲从一端注入钛空腔靶产生的keV X射线源的辐射特征,发现keV X射线主要产生于腔轴附近;钛空腔靶内径过大时keV X射线能流的峰值强度较低,内径过小时keV X射线能流的持续时间较短。为了在4π空间内使钛空腔靶获得最大的X射线(4~7keV能段)转换效率,腔内径的最优值在1000~1300μm附近,此时的keV X射线转换效率为4.7%,是相同激光参数下钛平面靶的2倍左右。激光单端注入有底部钛膜和无底部钛膜的空腔靶对比实验显示,底膜能够增强keV X射线的发射。     

剪切阀式磁流变减振器力学特性实验研究

本文对剪切阀式磁流变减振器的结构和工作原理作了介绍,基于平板模型对其结构进行简化,采用叠加法得出了其阻尼力的理论计算模型。利用材料试验机(MTS)分别在不同电流、振幅、速度和频率等条件下,对自行研制的剪切阀式磁流变减振器的动态特性进行了实验研究,得出了相应的实验曲线。实验结果表明剪切阀式磁流变减振器具有优良的电控阻尼力特性,且振幅、速度和频率等因素对其阻尼力有着重要影响,另外也对其阻尼力的理论计算公式作了验证。     

高应变率下延性多孔介质中孔洞的动态演化

本文提出了一个新的材料延性动态损伤模型，模型中不但包括了率效应，同时还考虑了惯性效应，孔洞表面能变化和材料硬化对孔洞演化的影响。此外，在模型中同时考虑了体应力和偏应力对孔洞演化的作用，从孔洞演化方程地接到了孔洞增长和压缩应力临界表达式，Ｃａｒｒｏｌｌ和Ｈｏｌｔ结果作为该表达式的一个特例而得出，模型的数值分析得出以下结论：①延性孔洞的动太增长对率效应十分敏感，应变率越高，孔洞增长越快；②惯性效应在主     

中子厚针孔成像数值模拟研究

为了解决成像的针孔设计问题，基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了一套模拟中子针孔成像过程的程序，并且通过编写的图像显示程序可以直观地观察到记录介质所成的二维图像，同时可以对图像的某些参数进行判读. 关键词： ICF 蒙特卡罗 半影成像 点扩散函数     

不同加热机制产生的超热电子的相干渡越辐射谐波研究

利用不同加热机制产生的超热电子所导致的相干渡越辐射(CTR)在谐波分量强度比上的不同，给出了区分飞秒激光等离子体相互作用产生超热电子过程中的主要与次要加热机制的一种可能方法.得到了加热周期不同的加热机制所产生超热电子的比例与CTR谐波分量的二倍频和一倍频的强度比之间的具体关系式.如果在实验上测到此谐波分量强度比，就可以推出不同加热机制在加热过程中所起作用的大致比例关系.另外，CTR谐波分量的强度比还与超热电子的温度、实验上所使用靶的厚度有一定依赖关系，对此作了较为详细的讨论. 关键词： 相干渡越辐射 超热电子 加热机制     

Thomson scattering off a pair （electron-positron） plasma

Thomson scattering off a pair (electron--positron) plasma is theoretically investigated in the collisionless and collisional limits respectively. Our calculations show that the power spectrum of the Thomson scattering off a collisionless pair plasma is just proportional to the velocity distribution function of the particles in the plasma. Collective modes in the plasma do not have any effects on the Thomson scattering spectrum because of the correlation between the negatively- and positively-charged particles. In the collisional limit, the power spectrum of the Thomson scattering presents three spikes: two peaks correspond to two contra-propagating sound waves and one peak corresponds to an entropy wave.