用激光测量液体折射率的简单方法

用激光测量液体的折射率已有许多报道，但测量方法比较繁琐，且精确度不够高.本文介绍一种用激光测量液体折射率的简单方法，此方法利用光线传播的几何关系，对液体折射率作定量测试.该方法具有设备简单、费用低廉、测量精度高等优点.1实验原理及方法利用临界角的概率束来测量液体的折射率，如图1所示.当激光束沿一条半径进入液体，即使入射光束对准容器的中心G点射入液体时，不发生折射，而在G点射出的光束发生了折射，折射角大于入射角.当人射角i增大，直到使折射角达到90°时，折射光束沿容器的直边传播.继续转动容器增大人射角，激光束…     

粘度法研究PAM与R12SO3Na之间的相互作用

采用粘度法研究了纯水及含有NaCl和R_4OH(正丁醇)时, PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)与R_(12)SO_3Na(十二烷基磺酸钠)之间的相互作用。结果表明, 在所研究的范围内, PAM与R_(12)SO_3Na胶束之间能形成PAM-R_(12)SO_3Na胶束聚集体。但在纯水和NaCl溶液中, 两者之间的作用较弱。若体系中同时存在R_4OH时, 作用较强。可能是PAM分子中的—C=O —C—NH_2与混合胶束中的醇羟基以氢键相结合, 形成PAM-胶束聚集体, 所以体系的比浓粘度(ηsp/cp)随PAM浓度(cp)的降低而急剧增大, 表现出典型的聚电解质性质。     

Evaluating 3D position and velocity of subject in parabolic flight experiment by use of the binocular stereo vision measurement

<正>A practical method for evaluating the three-dimensional(3D) position and velocity of a moving object used in the parabolic flight experiment is developed by using the binocular stereo vision measurement theory. The camera calibration mathematic model without considering the lens distortion is introduced.The direct linear transformation(DLT) algorithm is improved to accomplish the camera calibration.The camera calibration result and optimization algorithm are used to calculate the object's world coordinate from image coordinate.The 3D position and the velocity of the moving object are obtained.The standard uncertainty in estimating the velocity is 0.0024 m/s,which corresponds to 1%level of the velocity of the object in the experiment.The results show that this method is very useful for the parabolic flight experiments.     

紫外激光照射引起的硅酸铅玻璃结构的变化

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜和体材料受紫外激光照射前后的结构变化进行了研究。研究发现：266 nm的紫外激光照射硅酸铅玻璃体材料时,能使其Urbach能量增大,即玻璃结构的无序性增大。电子自旋共振谱研究表明,266 nm激光照射不会在硅酸铅玻璃中产生顺磁缺陷中心, 也不会对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜在235 nm附近的吸收峰产生影响,但用248 nm紫外激光照射则观察到了235 nm吸收峰的光漂白现象。     

Effect of high temperature annealing on strain and band gap of GaN nanoparticles

Black-coloured GaN nanoparticles with an average grain size of 50 nm have been obtained by annealing GaN nanoparticles under flowing nitrogen at 1200 oC for 30 min. XRD measurement result indicates an increase in the lattice parameter of the GaN nanoparticles annealed at 1200 oC, and HRTEM image shows that the increase cannot be ascribed to other ions in the interstitial positions. If the as-synthesised GaN nanoparticles at 950 oC are regarded as standard, the thermal expansion changes nonlinearly with temperature and is anisotropic; the expansion below 1000oC is smaller than that above 1000 oC. This study provides an experimental demonstration for selecting the proper annealing temperature of GaN. In addition, a large blueshift in optical bandgap of the annealed GaN nanoparticles at 1200 oC is observed, which can be ascribed to the dominant transitions from the C(Γ₇) with the peak energy at 3.532 eV.     

First-Principles Calculations of Elastic and Thermal Properties of Molybdenum Disilicide

The first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method using the generalized gradient approximation within the framework of density functional theory is applied to anaylse the equilibrium lattice parameters, six independent elastic constants, bulk moduli, thermal expansions and heat capacities of MoSi2. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, using a set of total energy versus cell volume obtained with the plane-wave pseudopotential method, is applied to the study of the elastic properties, thermodynamic properties and vibrational effects. The calculated zero pressure elastic constants are in overall good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated heat capacities and the thermal expansions agree well with the observed values under ambient conditions and those calculated by others. The results show that the temperature has hardly any effect under high pressure.     

分光光度法测定蒙药橡子中的微量铁

采用浓硝酸和高氯酸的混合消解法处理橡子样品,盐酸羟氨将三价铁还原成二价铁,在pH为5-6的条件下,用分光度法测定铁含量,校准曲线回归方程为y=0.0031002＋0.2145x（r=0.9999）。用灰化法和微波消解法分别得橡子中铁含量为86.90μg/g和87.6μg/g。回收率为99.8%—102%,RSD为0.78%,该方法操作简单,重现性好,测量方法准确。     

一些聚合物对中相微乳液物性的影响

研究了水解聚丙烯酰胺、黄原胶和木质素磺酸盐对中相微乳液相体积、粘度和界面张力的影响。实验结果表明: 含有聚丙烯酰胺时,中相微乳液的相态、增溶参数、中相与下相间界面张力及中相粘度均无明显变化。生物聚合物对中相微乳液的物理性质影响也不大。木质素磺酸盐则对微乳液的形成产生明显影响: 随着木质素磺酸盐浓度的增大,微乳液由中相转变为上相,相应的物理参数亦有变化。     

相位掩模的近场衍射特性分析

用相位掩模法制造光纤光栅是一种简单、有效的方法.本文用标量衍射理论对相位掩模的近场衍射特性进行了分析,讨论了各级衍射光形成的干涉条纹的分布情况,得到了一些有益于光纤光栅制造的结论和有用公式.     

基于改进哈特曼法的眼镜片全孔径屈光度测量

自由曲面镜片的发展和普及,对现有的屈光度测量方法提出了挑战,也要求新的测量方法具有更高的精度以及更好的可靠性。因此,介绍了传统哈特曼检测法测量眼镜片屈光度的测量原理并提出了一种改进方法,对球面单焦点镜片和散光镜片进行仿真测量的屈光度误差均在1%以内。对改进方法与传统方法测量所得到的渐进多焦点自由曲面镜片屈光度分布图的分析结果表明,改进哈特曼检测法相比于传统哈特曼检测法具有测量范围大,精度高的特点,能够准确反映眼镜片的屈光度分布特征。