质子照相中容器引起的模糊

 为了弄清质子照相中容器引起模糊的大小,以质子与吸收体的多次库仑相互作用为基础,结合负幺阵成像磁透镜系统的特性,推导出了容器模糊的半高全宽表达式。研究表明:容器的模糊半高全宽与容器至客体的距离成正比,与容器厚度的均方根成正比,与质子的动量成反比;容器的前后壁都对模糊有贡献;相同条件下,计算得到Al制容器的模糊小于Fe制容器的模糊;半径200 cm、厚5 cm的Al制容器的模糊为1.30 mm,大于客体的模糊,同时蒙特卡罗程序的模拟也得到了相同的结果。     

Multi-pulsed intense electron beam emission from velvet, carbon fibers, carbon nano-tubes and dispenser cathodes

The experimental results of studies of four kinds of cathode emitting intense electron beams are demonstrated under multi-pulsed mode based on an experimental setup including two multi-pulse high voltage sources. The tested cathodes include velvet, carbon fibers, carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) and dispenser cathodes. The results indicate that all four are able to emit multi-pulsed beams. For velvet, carbon fiber and CNTs, the electron induced cathode plasma emission may be the main process and this means that there are differences in beam parameters from pulse to pulse. For dispenser cathodes tested in the experiment, although there is a little difference from pulse to pulse for some reason, thermal-electric field emission may be the main process.