High-contrast imaging for weakly diffracting specimens in coherent diffraction imaging

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) and ptychography techniques bypass the difficulty of having high-quality optics in X-ray microscopy by using a numerical reconstruction of the image that is obtained by inverting the diffracted intensity recorded by a charge-coupled device array. However, the reconstruction of the image from the intensity data obtained from a weakly diffracting specimen is known to be difficult because of the obvious reduction in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this case, the specimen only slightly modifies the probe diffraction pattern, resulting in difficulty in the identification of the detailed structure of the specimen from the reconstructed image because of the poor contrast and sharpness of the image. To address this situation, a modification in the image retrieval algorithms used in the iterative reconstruction of the image is suggested. This modification should double the presence of high spatial frequencies in the diffraction pattern to enhance the contrast and edge detection in existing imaging techniques.     

四区域法消除偏振棱镜缺陷对波片相位延迟测量的影响

在起偏器-待测波片-检偏器系统基础卜提出一种四区域测量波片相位延迟量的方法.调整待测波片和检偏器的方位角,获得相应的四组光强值,通过线性运算得到待测波片的相位延迟量,完全消除了起偏器和检偏器不完全消光带来的误差.由于测量系统中不存在标准波片或其他相位调制元件,允许测量波长仅受偏振棱镜和探测器的限制,因此四区域法可适用于很大波长范围内的波片测量.以λ/4波片为例,理论分析了测量系统利用四区域测量法后的仪器误差为σφ≤士3.49065×10-3rad(约0.2°),精度比原算法提高约1个数量级.实验验证了四区域法能有效提高系统精度.     

基于利他偏好的电商供应链最优决策与契约协调

构建了由一个占主导地位的电商平台和一个处于跟随地位的制造商组成的Stackelberg主从博弈模型,研究了电商平台有无利他偏好时电商供应链的最优决策和契约协调问题,并通过数值算例验证了本文的主要结论.研究表明:电商平台的利他偏好行为能够促使自身服务水平提高、正向影响制造商的最优销售价格并削弱自身利润.但电商平台的让利行为能够提高制造商的利润水平、缓和供应链冲突并改善供应链整体绩效."销售佣金比例+服务成本共担"契约能够完美的协调电商供应链,使双方最优利润获得帕累托改进,从而保证电商平台有足够的激励执行利他偏好行为.另外,进一步分析发现电商平台的利他偏好正向影响制造商支付给电商平台的固定技术服务费、制造商占有的电商供应链利润份额和服务成本分担比例,负向影响自身的销售佣金比例.     

豆甾醇分子印迹聚合物的合成及性能研究

以豆甾醇(stig.)为印迹分子、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为功能单体、二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂、碳酸钙及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合物为分散剂、过硫酸钠为引发荆、极性较低的甲醇(tolu.)为致孔剂,采用悬浮聚合法合成豆甾醇分子印迹聚合物.并对试验合成的分子印迹聚合物的形貌、粒径及选择吸附性能分别采用高效液相、电镜和光学显微镜进行分析和评价.试验结果表明,最佳配方为3g stig.:40mL MMA:15mL DVB:4g CaCO3 2g SDS:0.4mLNa2S2O8:14mL tolu.,其中引发荆过硫酸钠应分多次加入,在聚合反应初期采用高速搅拌,随着聚合反应的进行搅拌速度应逐渐减小.该条件下合成的分子印迹聚合物平均粒径小于100μm、分布较窄,对豆甾醇表现出快速和稳定的特异吸附性能,其分离因子超过1.65,吸附容量约为1.2mg/g.     

轴向相干叠加高斯光束的M2传输因子

本文分别用标量叠加和矢量叠加的方法,对由两个束腰位置不同的高斯光束相干叠加而成的光束的传输特性进行了研究,结果表明,这种光束的传输因子M²不再是常数,而是随传输距离变化的.     

A new ellipse fitting method of the minimum differential-mode noise in the atom interference gravimeter

Ellipse fitting is a useful tool to obtain the differential signal of two atom interference gravimeters. The quality standard of ellipse fitting should be the deviation between the true phase and the fitting phase of the interference fringe. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to fit the ellipse. The algorithm is to minimize the differential noise of two interference gravimeters and obtain a more accurate value of the gravity gradient. We have theoretically derived the expression of the differential-mode noise and implemented the ellipse fitting in the program. This new algorithm is also compared with the classical methods.     

基于分子动力学方法的多层石墨烯超滑失效机理分析

本文作者采用混合势函数(Lennard-Jones势和REBO势),基于Verlet算法动态模拟了金刚石探针(100)与多层石墨烯间的压入和滑动摩擦过程,分析了不同压深下多层石墨烯的摩擦力及平均摩擦系数变化的特点,统计了不同压深下的层间键合作用、层内断键数量以及实际原子接触面积,阐述了多层石墨烯超滑失效的机理.结果表明:压深对多层石墨烯间的超滑失效有着重要影响,探针压深增加导致的摩擦力振幅上升与悬空石墨烯压缩应变增加产生的影响非常相似;6.1(A)是石墨烯超滑失效的临界压入深度值,压深小于6.1(A)时,石墨烯有着明显的超滑特性,且摩擦力变化周期不受压深的影响,并等于石墨烯晶格常数;压深大于6.1(A)后,摩擦力变化完全失去周期性,探针在滑动中需要克服的势垒急剧上升,摩擦力显著增大,超滑明显失效.当压深为6.1(A)时,石墨烯层间开始出现键合作用,层内也出现断键现象,且随压深的增加越加剧烈,层内的断键和层间键的形成是引起石墨烯超滑失效和摩擦力突变的主要原因,而实际原子接触面积与此突变的相关性很小.     

The effect of a permanent dipole moment on the polar molecule cavity quantum electrodynamics

A dressed-state perturbation theory beyond the rotating wave approximation(RWA) is presented to investigate the interaction between a two-level electronic transition of polar molecules and a quantized cavity field. Analytical expressions can be explicitly derived for both the ground- and excited-state-energy spectrums and wave functions of the system, where the contribution of permanent dipole moments(PDM) and the counter-rotating wave term(CRT) can be shown separately.The validity of these explicit results is discussed by comparison with the direct numerical simulation. Compared to the CRT coupling, PDM results in the coupling of more dressed states and the energy shift is proportional to the square of the normalized permanent dipole difference, and a greater Bloch–Siegert shift can be produced in the giant dipole molecule cavity QED. In addition, our method can also be extended to the solution of the two-level atom Rabi model Hamiltonian beyond the RWA.     

重力梯度仪旋转加速度计标度因数匹配方法

旋转加速度计重力梯度仪为实现微弱梯度信号的测量,要求四个加速度计之间标度因数实时匹配。针对这一要求,在电磁加速度计工作原理的基础上,提出了标度因数外部粗调和在线调整的方法,设计了调整线圈并计算了不同位置相应的结果。仿真分析和实验结果表明,利用调整线圈可以实现加速度计之间的标度因数匹配。通过加速度计内部力平衡回路和外部反馈回路可以实现加速度计之间的标度因数在线实时匹配。