Analysis of multiple interfacial cracks in three-dimensional bimaterials using hypersingular integro-differential equation method

By using the concept of finite-part integral, a set of hypersingular integro-differential equations for multiple interracial cracks in a three-dimensional infinite bimaterial subjected to arbitrary loads is derived. In the numerical analysis, unknown displacement discontinuities are approximated with the products of the fundamental density functions and power series. The fundamental functions are chosen to express a two-dimensional interface crack rigorously. As illustrative examples, the stress intensity factors for two rectangular interface cracks are calculated for various spacing, crack shape and elastic constants. It is shown that the stress intensity factors decrease with the crack spacing.     

正方形内接三角形系列问题探究

在数学课上,老师出了如下一道题目:图1如图1,边长为1的正方形ABCD,P、Q分别在BC、CD上,且△CPQ周长为2.并让我们自己思考设计问题并解决.我经过反复思考,设计出如下几个问题,连同分析、解答一起呈现给大家.     

注浆沉降法建筑物纠偏加固机理与关键技术研究

结合用注浆沉降法并辅以高压旋喷注浆对某小区典型不均匀沉降建筑物进行纠偏和地基加固的工程实例,着重分析了注浆沉降法纠偏加固的技术原理,并讨论该工法的控制要点;对注浆浆液配合比、注浆孔平面位置、加固深度、注浆量、注浆压力、高压旋喷注浆等设计参数的影响进行了研究探讨,提出加强纠偏加固施工动态控制的重要性。研究和工程实践表明,用注浆沉浆法并选用合适的注浆参数进行建筑物纠偏和地基加固,能使建筑物不均匀沉降得到调整的同时,复合地基承载力得到提高,具有较好的建筑物纠偏和地基加固效果。     

铕(Ⅲ)与对甲基苯甲酸、2,2′-联吡啶配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光光谱

合成了对甲基苯甲酸铕与2,2′-联吡啶的晶体配合物,元素分析表明配合物的化学式为Eu(p-MBA)_3dipy(p-MBA:对甲基苯甲酸根;dipy:2,2′-联吡啶).用X射线衍射法测定了配合物的单晶结构,其结构式为Eu_2(p-MBA)_6(dipy)_2,属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=1.4086(6),b=1.9115(11),C=2.3077(16)nm;β=96.60(4)°,V=6.1727nm~3,Z=4.对甲基苯甲酸根,2,2′-联吡啶均以双齿配位,中心铕离子的配位数为八,形成的配位多面体为三角十二面体.两个铕离子通过四个对甲基苯甲酸基桥联,形成双核配合物.利用配合物Eu(p-MBA)_3dipy在紫外光或可见光激发下,能发出很强荧光的特性,以Eu(Ⅲ)离子为光谱探针,77K下测得其高分辨激发和发射光谱及时间分辨光谱,光谱数据表明配合物中有两种Eu(Ⅲ)离子格位.     

脉冲高能量密度等离子体材料表面改性及其应用

脉冲高能量密度等离子体（pulsed high energy density plasma, PHEDP）是一项新的材料表面改性技术.它集高电子温度、高能量密度、高定向速度于一身,在制备薄膜时具有沉积薄膜的温度低、沉积效率高、能量利用率高的优点,并兼具表面溅射、离子注入、冲击波和强淬火效应等综合效应;它可以制备纳米晶或非晶硬质薄膜,提高基底材料的表面硬度和耐磨、耐蚀性能;能够实现非金属材料表面金属化,所制备薄膜与基底之间存在很宽的混合过渡区,因此膜/基结合良好.文章主要介绍了作者近年来在该领域的部分研究成果,简要介绍了脉冲高能量密度等离子体的原理、特点及应用.分析了脉冲等离子体与材料相互作用的基本物理现象.     

新有机合成反应的研究(Ⅰ)

(上) 我先讲一些我早期的研究结果。尿素或氨基甲酸酯加热时,即分解成异氰酸酯和胺或异氰酸酯和醇:这是一个吸热反应,我们化了八年时间研究它的机理。并发现主要是R~1_2N~-或R'O~-基脱离而进行解离反应,如将R~1_2N~-基换成Cl或PhO-,则由于这些基团容易成阴离子而脱离,解离反应也非常容易进行;而烷基则不易进行。我们设想如果引入吸电子基团,解离反应可能容易进行,因此曾以α-硝基乙酰胺来进行试验。当时,我们用硝基甲烷的钠盐和异氰酸酯反应,可以得到α-硝基乙酰胺(1)[Michael,A.,Ber.38,22,39'46(1905);Steinkopf,W.and Daege,H.M.,Bet.44,497(1911)],硝基甲烷有一个活泼氢,生成的碳阴离子容易和异氰酸酯发生加成,但得率只有20％。奇怪的是,当我们用硝基乙烷和异氰酸酯反应企图合成α-硝基丙酰胺(2)时,却没有成功。当时,我认为是由于硝基乙烷的钠盐不溶于一般有机溶剂,所以不能反应;为了得到均相的溶液,我试图用三乙胺代替钠来拉掉硝基乙烷的质子。实际上,在硝基乙烷和异氰酸酯的混合物中,加入催化量的三乙胺时,反应非常剧烈,并有CO_2气体放出。     

金属锂负极失效机制及其先进表征技术

尽管传统的石墨负极在商业化锂离子电池中取得了成功,但其理论容量低(372 mAh·g^?1)、本身不含锂的先天缺陷限制了其在下一代高比能量锂电池体系中的应用,特别是在需要锂源的锂-硫和锂-空气电池体系中。金属锂因其极高的理论比容量(3860 mAh·g^?1)和低氧化还原电势(相对于标准氢电极为?3.040 V),被认为是下一代锂电池负极材料的最佳选择之一。但是,金属锂负极存在库伦效率低、循环性能差、安全性差等一系列瓶颈问题亟待解决,而循环过程中锂枝晶的生长、巨大的体积变化、以及电极界面不稳定等是导致这些问题的关键因素。本文综述了近年来关于金属锂负极瓶颈问题及其机理,包括金属锂电极表面固态电解质界面膜的形成,锂枝晶的生长行为,以及惰性死锂的形成。同时,本文还介绍了目前用于研究金属锂负极的先进表征技术,这些技术为研究人员深入认识金属锂负极的失效机制提供了重要信息。     

Effect of pulsed bias on the properties of ZrN/TiZrN films deposited by a cathodic vacuum arc

ZrN/TiZrN multilayers are deposited by using the cathodic vacuum arc method with different substrate bias(from 0 to 800 V),using Ti and Zr plasma flows in residual N 2 atmosphere,combined with ion bombardment of sample surfaces.The effect of pulsed bias on the structure and properties of films is investigated.Microstructure of the coating is analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In addition,nanohardness,Young’s modulus,and scratch tests are performed.The experimental results show that the films exhibit a nanoscale multilayer structure consisting of TiZrN and ZrN phases.Solid solutions are formed for component TiZrN films.The dominant preferred orientation of TiZrN films is(111) and(220).At a pulsed bias of 200 V,the nanohardness and the adhesion strength of the ZrN/TiZrN multilayer reach a maximum of 38 GPa,and 78 N,respectively.The ZrN/TiZrN multilayer demonstrates an enhanced nanohardness compared with binary TiN and ZrN films deposited under equivalent conditions.     

基于应力比值法的V形切口应力强度因子分析

本文基于有限元分析技术建立了一种应力比值方法,用于计算V形切口的应力强度因子。该方法不需要在V形切口尖端采用反映应力奇异性的奇异单元。求解时,首先给定参考问题的广义应力强度因子,然后利用待求问题的应力值与参考问题的应力值之间的比值来求解待求问题的广义应力强度因子。算例采用切口尖端应力方法分析了平板的V形切口问题。计算结果表明,该方法计算精度较高,能够方便地用于求解相关的工程问题。     

Theoretical Study on the Reaction of Thymine with Iodomehane in the Water Phase

The reaction mechanisms of carcinogenic methylating agent iodomethane (MeI) with keto and enol tautomers of thymine (K- and E-thymine) were studied by using the B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p) method in water phase. The solvent effects were examined using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Specifically, PCM single-point calculations at the same level of theory were performed in acetone and CCl4 that represent a range in nonpolarity. The calculated results show that the reaction of K-thymine with MeI is a two-step mechanism, whereas that of E-thymine is a one-step mechanism. Our calculations reveal that K-thymine is appreciably more stable than the enol form in the water phase or in the two solvents. The K- and E-form reaction barriers are 135.6 and 222.1 kJ/mol, respectively in water phase. These findings indicate that the reactions mentioned above could not occur efficiently in biological media in the absence of catalyst. Our conclusions are in agreement with the previous studies on the reactions of guanine with methyl chloride and methyl bromide.