使用斯塔克诱导的绝热拉曼通道技术实现D2分子的高效相干布居转移

使用斯塔克诱导的绝热拉曼通道技术,成功地将分子束中的D₂分子从(v=0, J=0)转移至(v=1, J=0). 激发效率达到了75%.该技术将为交叉分子束和分子束-表面散射实验研究氢分子的振动激发对化学反应的影响提供一个独特的工具.     

低碰撞能3.03∽17.97 meV内F+HD→DF+H的反应微分截面

基于氢原子里德堡态飞行时间谱探测方法及多通道探测的优势,利用交叉分子束实验装置系统地研究了低碰撞能3.03∽17.97 meV内的F+HD→DF+H反应. 实验中清楚地观测到来自波恩-奥本海默近似禁阻的反应F^*(²P_1/2)+HD→DF+H和波恩-奥本海默近似允许的反应F(²P_3/2)+HD→DF+H的贡献. 在后向散射方向上,波恩-奥本海默近似禁阻的反应F^*(²P_1/2))+HD的贡献远远大于波恩-奥本海默近似允许的反应F(²P_3/2)+HD,表明非绝热效应在低碰撞能下F+HD→DF+H中扮演着重要角色. 并且,后向散射信号随着碰撞能的降低而单调降低,未出现反应共振的特征. 实验中还获得了低碰撞能3.03∽17.97 meV内波恩-奥本海默近似禁阻的和波恩-奥本海默近似允许的反应微分截面,其中最出乎意料的现象是：随着碰撞能的降低,产物的角分布由后向散射逐渐转变为侧向散射,这可能是在低碰撞下存在的某种未知反应机理引起的.     

兼具小气载吸附、快速换样和全面温控的程序升温脱附谱装置（英文）

程序升温脱附谱技术能定量识别表面物种和测量脱附动力学,因此被广泛应用于多相催化和表面科学研究.对于高效率和高质量的程序升温脱附谱实验而言,减小吸附过程中的气载并在不破坏超高真空条件下完成样品更换以及实现对样品全方位的温度控制是至关重要的.然而,现有的表面科学程序升温脱附谱装置通常无法同时满足这些条件.鉴于此,本文搭建了一台可实现小气载进样、快速换样以及全面温控的程序升温脱附谱装置.使用自动控制的基于微毛细管阵列的溢流分子束给样器,制备分子吸附的表面,让气体的进样更加精准并大幅减小了气载.借助液氮传输线并优化样品台处的热接触和热偶连接方式,使得这台程序升温脱附谱装置同时具备了快速换样、精准测温、快速降温以及稳定线性升温等功能.通过测量水从高定向热解石墨和TiO₂(110)表面的脱附特征以及甲氧基阴离子在TiO₂(110)表面的光催化氧化反应,证实了该程序升温脱附谱装置在测量脱附动力学参数、定量识别表面吸附物种和吸附位点以及分析表面光化学反应等方面的性能.本工作将为研究人员设计高效率和高质量的程序升温脱附谱装置提供宝贵的经验和思路.     

白云鄂博稀土、铌钽矿物及其成因探讨

白云鄂博矿床赋存于元古代地层中,本文具体描述了矿物在矿床的部位和产状,区别出地层矿物和地层后的矿物,其中的热液交代现象具明显成矿特征,依据大地构造,岩浆活动,矿物共生组合,热液交代,成矿地质时代和持续时间等因素,认为稀土铌钽矿物成因是来自深源的硅酸碳酸岩浆演化分异的成矿热液,伴随着构造运动,侵入交元古代地层,长期多幕而成矿。     

表面羟基辅助甲醛分子在金红石型TiO2(110)表面迁移动力学研究

As the photo-dissociation product of methanol on the TiO₂(110) surface,the diffusion and desorption processes of formaldehyde (HCHO) were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and density functional theory (DFT).The molecular-level images revealed the HCHO molecules could diffuse and desorb on the surface at 80 K under UV laser irradiation.The diffusion was found to be mediated by hydrogen adatoms nearby,which were produced from photodissociation of methanol.Diffusion of HCHO was significantly decreased when there was only one H adatom near the HCHO molecule.Furthermore,single HCHO molecule adsorbed on the bare TiO₂(110) surface was quite stable,little photo-desorption was observed during laser irradiation.The mechanism of hydroxyl groups assisted diffusion of formaldehyde was also investigated using theoretical calculations.     

CO吸附对乙醛在Co(0001)表面降解和多聚的影响

The adsorption and reaction of acetaldehyde on the clean and CO pre-covered Ru(0001) surfaces have been investigated using temperature programmed desorption method. On the clean Ru(0001) surface, the decomposition of acetaldehyde is the main reaction channel, with little polymerization occurring. However, on the CO pre-covered Ru(0001) surface, the decomposition of acetaldehyde is inhibited considerably with increasing CO coverage. Whereas, the polymerization occurs efficiently, especially at high CO coverage (θ_CO>0.5 ML), which is strongly CO coverage dependent. Combined with previous studies, the well-ordered hexagonal structure of CO layer formed on the Ru(0001) surface at high CO coverage that matches the configuration of paraldehyde is likely to be the origin of this remarkable phenomenon.     

用受激拉曼泵浦方法高效制备v=2振动激发态氘分子

We report the preparation of D₂ molecules in v=2 level in molecular beam condition. A single longitudinal mode laser system was used for excitation of D₂ from (v=0, j=0) to (v=2, j=0) with the scheme of stimulated Raman pumping. An excitation efficiency of 25.2% has been achieved, which was determined by the scheme of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Dependence of relative excitation efficiency on laser energy has been measured. We found that the increasing rate of excitation efficiency became slower as pulse energy of Stokes laser increase, while the excitation efficiency still increases approximately linearly with pump pulse energies up to 60 mJ. The spectral line shapes of Raman transition was also measured at different laser energies and considerable dynamical Stark effect was observed. A single peak was found on the three dimension surface of relative excitation efficiency, indicating the process occurred in the present study is a process of stimulated Raman pumping instead of stimulated adiabatic Raman passage.     

Photodissociation Dynamics of Methanol and Ethanol at 157 nm

利用氢原子里德堡时间飞行谱技术研究了超音速喷射分子束CH3OH和C2H5OH在157 nm的光解动力学,得到了氢原子产物的时间飞行谱．通过对谱图的拟合揭示出三个氢原子产物通道：OH上的氢原子脱落、CH3(C2H5)上的氢原子脱落和CH3O(C2H5O)的二次解离． 从得到的产物通道相对分支比可以知道CH3O的二次解离过程比C2H5O更明显．CH3OH解离的产物平均角分布各向异性参数β≈-0.3, 显示出跃迁偶极距接近垂直于C-O-H平面．C2H5OH解离的产物β≈-0.4,表明C2H5OH有更长的转动周期． 实验结果显示两个系统都经历了从3px到3s势能面的快速内转换, 然后在3s势能面上解离．CH3O+H产物平动能分布显示出CH3O的伞形振动激发或者CH3的摇摆振动激发,而C2H5O+H产物平动能分布没有振动态分辨．     

交叉分子束研究氯原子与硅烷的反应动力学

The dynamics of the Cl+SiH₄ reaction has been studied using the universal crossed molecular beam method. Angular resolved time-of-flight spectra have been measured for the channelSiH₃Cl+H. Product angular distributions as well as energy distributions in the center-of-mass frame were determined for the channel. Experimental results show that the SiH₃Clproduct is mainly backward scattered relative to the Cl atom beam direction, suggestingthat the channel takes place via a typical S_N2 type reaction mechanism.