长亚甲基链段改性固化剂的制备与性能

采用二官能度环氧树脂对己二胺进行改性,得到了含多段长亚甲基链段的柔性固化剂。利用红外光谱表征其基本结构。采用环氧树脂E-44与之进行固化,通过不同温度下固化时间对力学强度影响的分析,初步确定其最佳固化条件为80 ℃,6 h。通过热重分析检测不同固化比例下固化产物的热稳定性,并采用差示扫描量热法研究该固化剂的固化动力学参数、反应活性、最佳固化温度及时间。对其固化物拉伸剪切强度进行测试,测试结果表明：在固化比例为1:0.5时,在-196 ℃、室温、60 ℃下的拉伸剪切强度分别为16.84,14.73和13.52 MPa,基本满足实际应用的需求。     

Spectroscopic properties of thulium ions in bismuth silicate glass

A new type of bismuth silicate glass (Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO-Al2O3-La2O3) doped with Tm2O3 is prepared by melt-quenching method. The thermal stability of the glass is examined by differential scanning calorimetry. No crystallization peak is found. Using the absorption and emission spectra, the absorption and emission cross-sections are calculated. Their maximum data are 2.9×10-21cm2 at 1663 nm and 4.7×10-21cm2 at 1826 nm, respectively. Using the Judd-Ofelt theory, the radiation transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes are obtained. The extended overlap integral method is applied to analyze energy transfer process among the Tm3+ ions. The transfer constants of cross-relaxation and energy migration among the Tm3+ ions at the 3H4 level are 7.60×10-40 and 14.98×10-40 cm6 /s, respectively. The critical transfer radius for cross-relaxation is 0.99 nm. The cross relaxation process is easy to realize and is favorable for obtaining ～2-μm laser.     

太赫兹微弱信号检测系统噪声处理方法研究

为了能够量化物体太赫兹辐射的大小,对黑体辐射中的太赫兹信号进行测量,使测量系统处于真空状态下,并且使用液氮制冷来屏蔽外界杂散辐射。黑体辐射的太赫兹信号由卡塞格林系统聚焦于探测器上。探测器的输出信号用锁相放大器进一步处理,并观察不同时间常数下锁相放大器的输出信号。实验结果表明:当黑体温度为323 k时,实验装置使用液氮制冷前后的测量结果有所不同,前后相差约3 v左右。时间常数对输出结果影响也很大,实验使用3 s比较合适。由于噪声来源复杂、噪声水平很高,黑体在太赫兹波段辐射能量极为微弱,所以系统对温度分辨率要求不是很高。     

高功率固体激光器锥形空间滤波孔应用

锥形空间滤波孔是一种应用于高功率固体激光装置空间滤波的新型结构滤波小孔,其内部光滑的锥形结构可以有效滤除光束中的高频成分且避免等离子堵孔现象的发生。根据神光-Ⅲ主机装置结构特点,设计并加工了适用于主机装置的锥形空间滤波小孔,并开展了应用实验研究。通过与传统的平面结构滤波小孔对比可以看出,锥形小孔有效地避免了等离子体度堵孔现象,在与光束波前补偿技术配合使用条件下,保证光束顺利过孔,并成功实现了基频光7988 J的满能量输出。     

Electrical, dielectric and surface wetting properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nylon-6 nanocomposites

This paper reports that the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)/nylon-6 (PA6) nanocomposites with different MWCNT loadingshave been prepared by a simple melt-compounding method. Theelectrical, dielectric, and surface wetting properties of theCNT/PA6 composites have been studied. The temperature dependence ofthe conductivity of the CNT/PA6 composite with 10.0 wt{\%} CNTloading ($\sigma _{\rm RT} \sim 10^{-4}$ S/cm) are measured, andafterwards a charge-energy-limited tunnelling model (ln $\sigma (T)\sim T^{-1/2})$ is found. With increasing CNT weight percentage from0.0 to 10.0 wt%, the dielectric constant of the CNT/PA6composites enhances and the dielectric loss tangent increases twoorders of magnitude. In addition, water contact angles of theCNT/PA6 composites increase and the composites with CNT loadinglarger than 2.0 wt%even become hydrophobic. The obtainedresults indicate that the electrical and surface properties of thecomposites have been significantly enhanced by the embedded carbonnanotubes.     

磁场对电流作用演示实验的教学改进

 物理知识的积累、更新和完善都依赖于实践,依赖于科学的实验,可以说,没有实验就不会形成正确的物理概念,更不可能形成完美的物理知识体系。加强实验教学,改进实验教学模式,探索新的实验教学方法,是当前中学物理实验教学改革的重要课题。一、物理演示实验的功能演示实验在物理教学中有着极其重要的作用,它的直观、形象,有助于学生形成直接的感性材料,为分析现象、寻找真知、概括和掌握物理规律奠定基础。做好、做活演示实验,改进实验模式,有利于学生对概念的理解与掌握,有利于学生实践能力、创新能力的培养。从实际情况来看,学生的学习效果往往受到生活经验、认知能力、原有知识等因素的制约。     

《日光灯工作原理》的课堂生成

《日光灯工作原理》是与生活紧密联系的内容,在培养学生探究、合作、自主学习上,在培养学生对自然现象和科学的好奇心以及培养学生勇于提问、敢于挑战、敢于批评、善于交流的习惯和精神品质方面都能起到独到的作用．     

低能Co离子注入单晶ZnO的光致发光特性

采用离子注入法研究了Co离子注入ZnO晶体的光致发光效应。 对离子注入后的样品在Ar气保护下进行退火处理, 退火温度为700 ℃, 退火时间为10 min, 在其光致发光谱中观察到了406和370 nm的紫光发射峰。 对比了Co, Cu离子分别注入的ZnO晶体的光致发光谱, 观测到二者的光致发光谱类似。 同时, 研究了Co离子注入剂量对样品发光性质的影响, 结果表明随注入剂量的增加绿色发光中心逐渐向低能边偏移, 分析认为绿色发光中心的偏移与离子注入后ZnO晶体的禁带宽度发生改变相关。 In this paper, ion implantation techniques were used to study the photoluminescence(PL) of the Co implanted crystal ZnO. After Co ion implanted, the samples were annealed at 700 ℃ for 10 min in Ar gas flow. It was observed violet emission peak of 406 and 370 nm in the PL spectrum. The PL spectra of the ZnO crystal samples which were implanted by Co ions and Cu ions, respectively, have been compared and observed that the PL spectrum of the Co implanted ZnO is similar to that of the Cu implanted ZnO. We studied the influence of implantation dose on the PL of the Co implanted ZnO and found that the green luminescence centre shifted with increasing of implantation dose. It is concluded that the shift of the green luminescence centre is related to the change of ZnO band gap which was caused by ion implantation.     

煤气化中NO_x及其前驱物释放规律研究

采用U型管反应系统,研究了氧浓度、气流速率和气化温度对神木煤气化过程中NO_x及其前驱物的释放规律.研究发现:气化时生成的HCN和NH_3总量比热解时大幅下降,表明O_2的引入抑制了H自由基的可获得性.随着氧浓度的增加,NO的收率先减后增,而NO_2收率几乎没有变化.氧浓度较低时,生成的高浓度CO阻止了挥发分氮向NO的转化.气流速率对含氮气相产物释放影响各不相同.低温气化产物以NO_2和HCN为主,NO_2主要来自进样期挥发分的缓慢氧化,而高温气化产物中的NH_3的生成主要来源于焦炭氮.