等温模型在“液-液萃取”中的适用性探讨*

液-液萃取的核心问题是溶质在不互溶两相间的平衡浓度分布。对于绝大多数化学化工类理论和实验教学而言,呈线性分布特征的萃取体系往往被选为教学实例。而对于呈非线性分布特征的体系,因其受制于现有模型的复杂性,鲜少出现在教学中。笔者在教学研究中发现,诸多体系的非线性分布特征满足常规的等温模型,且分配系数可由确定的函数关系所表达。此外,萃取体系的模型适用性与该体系中溶质、溶剂和萃取剂3者间的相互作用机制密切相关。综上所述,本文将等温模型用于液-液萃取,解决了现有模型的复杂性问题,拓展了教学内容,可使学生深入理解萃取机理,并培养其科研思维能力。     

ON THE STUDY OF SILICON NANO-WIRES SELF-ASSEMBLED AS PARTICLES

Two different types of Silicon nano-wires (SiNWs) have been observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. One are of free standing SiNWs deposited uniformly on the surface of silicon substrates, and the other are self-assembled into special shaped particles. These SiNWs were synthesized by thermal evaporation of SiO amorphous powders without any metal catalysts in the temperature range of 900-1250℃. Growth history reveals that the self-assembled SiNWs are formed by original nucleation from the surface of amorphous SiO_{x particle matrices through phase separation and silicon precipitation followed by further growth through oxide-assisted vapor-solid reactions. The above results provide a solid experimental support for the oxide-assisted growth model of SiNWs.}     

具有二阶消失矩的多进制对称Coiflet小波基

本文研究了具有二阶消失矩的多进制对称Coiflet小波的构造方法,分析了它们的特征,并给出了算例。     

数形结合解答高考复数选择题

近年高考复数类选择题突出了对考生数学思想方法和能力的考查,体现了高考的选拔功能．运用数形结合思想分析解答此类问题往往事半功倍,能有效地提高解题效率,减少隐性失分．以下就近年有关高考复数选择题进行归纳分析,供教学时参考．１ 基本知识点 （１）复数的几何意义及复数运算的几何意义（略）． （２）复平面上两点 间距离公式ｄ＝｜ｚ１－ｚ２｜． （３）复平面上圆的方程 ｜ｚ—ｚ０｜＝ｒ（ｒ＞０）表示以Ｚ０为圆心,ｒ为半径的圆． ｜ｚ－ｚ０｜＜ｒ（ｒ＞０）,表示以Ｚ０为圆心,ｒ为半径的圆面（不包括圆周）． ｜ｚ－ｚ０…     

载药微球释放规律的实验研究

磁性载药微球是将药物与磁性物质共同包埋于微球载体中,在外界磁场的作用下到达并固定在病变部位,使所含药物得以定位释放,从而达到高效、速效、低毒的新型药物制剂。是目前的一个热门研究课题,明胶微球具有生物可降解性,可以口服或注射［１］。我们以明胶为载体,以...     

不同含能取代基和桥基对碳桥联四唑-2-氮氧化物的性能影响密度泛函理论研究

Based on the parent tetrazole 2N-oxide, six series of novel carbon-linked ditetrazole 2N-oxides with different energetic substituent groups (-NH₂, -N₃, -NO₂, NF₂, -NHNO₂) and energetic bridge groups (-CH₂-, -CH₂-CH₂-, -NH-, -N=N-, -NH-NH-) were designed. The overall performance and the effects of different energetic substituent groups and energetic bridge groups on the performance were investigated by density functional theory and electrostatic potential methods. The results showed that most of designed compounds have oxygen balance around zero, high heats of formation, high density, high energy, and acceptable sensitivity, indicating that tetrazole N-oxide is a useful parent energetic compound employed for obtaining high energy compounds, even only combined with some very common energetic substituent groups and bridge groups. Comprehensively considering the effects on energy and sensitivity, the -NO₂, -NF₂, -NH-and -NH-NH-are appropriate substituent groups for combining tetrozale N-oxide to design new energetic compounds, while -NH₂, -N₃, -CH₂-CH₂-, and -N=N-are inappropriate.     

基于超材料结构的小型化可调滤波器

为了提高频谱资源的利用率,解决传统滤波器组体积大的问题,利用开口环结构的超材料具有高集成度的特性,设计了一款整体尺寸仅为15mm×20mm的滤波器.基于时域有限积分法分析了开口环结构滤波器的反射系数曲线与电磁参数之间的响应特性,通过在开口环缝隙处加载可调谐的二极管器件,实现了超材料滤波器在X波段(10.9~12GHz)的连续可调,扩展了滤波器的工作频带.该可调谐超材料滤波器的工作带宽达11.0%,通带内回波损耗最小值为32dB,插入损耗最大值为0.38dB,具有高集成度、宽频带、通带内选频特性良好的特点.     

基于低秩表示的图像修复方法

现实场景中, 存在很多原因导致所获图像信息并不完整, 其中会存在少许的破损, 这对基于此数据进行下一步的研究造成了障碍. 针对图像存在的破损问题, 提出一种基于低秩表示的图像修复方法. 通过图像的矩阵存储方式, 由稀疏理论获取其低秩表示, 提取到图像的全局特征. 根据所获的低秩表示, 结合缺损区域与其相邻区域的相似性, 将缺损区域逐步缩小, 并对缩小区域进行强制校正, 从而完成修复图像任务, 最后得到补全后的最终图像. 在二维图像上设计对比实验进行验证, 结果证明该方法在结构简单图修复、破损老照片修复、去除叠加文字以及大块物体移除等方面都具有良好的性能. 实验结果表明, 低秩表示在图像修复方面具有获取全局信息的优势, 修复效果良好.     

掺CeO2的MgO-CaO材料缺陷形成及扩散动力学研究

以分析纯Mg(OH)2和Ca(OH)2为起始原料,CeO2为掺杂剂,经行星球磨机混合后压制成圆柱形试样,在1650℃温度条件下保温3h烧成,制备了MgO-CaO材料.采用X-射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜和高温电导率测试仪对试样进行了分析表征.研究结果表明:少量CeO2的掺入(0.5wt; ～0.75wt;)即可有效促进材料的烧结致密化.在烧结致密化过程中,随着晶界的迁移及气孔排除,方镁石与方钙石晶粒不断长大,且方镁石晶粒长大更为明显,形成以方镁石为基体,方钙石晶粒被方镁石包裹的空间结构,但MgO由于本征缺陷产生的O2-空位在晶界迁移过程中的聚集和融合,在方镁石晶粒内形成了难以排除的气孔.CeO2促进材料烧结的本质在于CeO2可与CaO发生有限置换固溶反应,降低Ca2空位的扩散激活能,有利于Ca2空位的扩散.     

Optimal network structure to induce the maximal small-world effect

In this paper, the general efficiency, which is the average of the global efficiency and the local efficiency, is defined to measure the communication efficiency of a network. The increasing ratio of the general efficiency of a small-world network relative to that of the corresponding regular network is used to measure the small-world effect quantitatively. The more considerable the small-world effect, the higher the general efficiency of a network with a certain cost is. It is shown that the small-world effect increases monotonically with the increase of the vertex number. The optimal rewiring probability to induce the best small-world effect is approximately 0.02 and the optimal average connection probability decreases monotonically with the increase of the vertex number. Therefore, the optimal network structure to induce the maximal small-world effect is the structure with the large vertex number （〉 500）, the small rewiring probability （≈0.02） and the small average connection probability （〈 0.1）. Many previous research results support our results.