量子态的非破坏性质询问题

所谓量子态的非破坏性质询,是指对局域于一定空间位置的量子态,在不破坏其自由演化的情况下而探测其存在性[1-3].     

量子计算的进展和展望

该文主要介绍了量子计算机研究的历史和现状。强调发展大规模的量子计算和实现强关联多体系统的量子模拟,是当前量子计算研究的主流。文章主体部分主要介绍了量子计算机硬件研究方面的进展,主要聚焦于几个具有qubit可集成性的量子系统:量子点系统、超导约瑟夫森结系统、离子阱系统、腔量子电动力学系统,作为实现量子计算机的最主要的候选系统,上述方向的研究吸引了国际上研究量子计算的最主要的力量。我们调研了在这些系统中,在qubit表征、操控方面最具代表性的进展,以及在实现大规模量子计算道路上的困难,和可能的解决办法。     

Separability of Bipartite Superoperator Based on Witnes

Based on the isomorphic relation between operator space L（H） and Hilbert space H^2, Cirac et al. mapped the global superoperator to a mixed state E which has the same separability of the initial superoperator. Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. A 76 （2007） 012334] provided a calculable lower bound for both the linear and nonlinear witness. We use this bound to detect the entanglement of E to judge the separability of the initial superoperator. With the help of local orthogonal observables, we directly describe the separable condition of superoperator by its each operator. Lastly, using the lower bound of the nonlinear witness, we provide a calculable entanglement factor of bipartite superoperator.     

A Four-Dimensional Measurement Scheme for Single Photon Time-Polarization

We propose an experimental scheme to realize the four-dimensional projective measurements tor a single photon. The photon polarization and time-energy provide the four-dimensional Hilbert space. Based on this scheme, we suggest an experiment to test the violation of Bell inequalities of four-dimensional systems. In addition, by virtue of a maximally entangled biphoton state, we also show that it is possible to construct a quantum key distribution channel that can provide two-bit key with one pair of entangled photons.     

Emission Spectrum from Two Atoms in Bell States in a Cavity

By means of time-evolution operator, the emission spectrum from two two-level entangled atoms in Bell states interacting with a single-mode cavity field in the Fock state has been studied in the paper. The physical spectrum expression of radiation emitted by the atoms is given out for each Bell state. In general, the spectrum shows the symmetrical multi-peak structure and the symmetrical three-peak structure with the strong optical input. Bell states composed of two identical atoms can be partially distinguished in view of the characterizations of their emission spectrum.     

Locality Violation with Spin-Type W States without Using Inequalities

Using even and odd coherent states, we define a new state, which is called the spin-type W state. With the spin-type W states, we provide a new scheme for testing fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics and refuting local hidden variable theory without using inequalities. Finally, a scheme for preparing the spin-type W states, and discussion of experimental possibility and the effect of the measurement on physical observables due to a close orthogonality of the two coherent states are given.     

Implementing Entanglement Swapping with Trapped Atoms via Cavity Decay

With trapped atoms, we propose an experimental scheme to implement entanglement swapping based on adiabatic passage and the detection of cavity decay. This scheme is inherently robust to diverse sources of noise, such as atomic spontaneous emission, or detector inefficiency. The advantages make it realizable with the current experimental technology.     

级联动力学退耦合与无消相干子空间实现量子计算

量子计算与量子信息过程中一个最主要的障碍量子消相干问题.克服量子消相干的策略,一般可以分为两大类方式:量子编码和动力学控制.近年来,无消相干子空间的量子编码以其能够有效的避免消相干过程得到了人们的广泛关注,在理论和实验上都取得了较大的进展.另外,利用强快脉冲实现量子系统与环境的动力学退耦合也可以有效的压缩消相干过程,动力学退耦合的噪声控制形式也得到了广泛研究.本文利用强快脉冲实现量子比特与环境的部分退耦合,然后用两个量子比特编码到无消相干子空间,从而可以克服系统与环境的一般耦合带来的消相干.另外,我们考虑了量子比特之间的相互作用,两个量子比特的耦合会导致量子信息在量子比特之间的非控制流动,使量子计算失败.我们利用对两个量子比特实行非同步的脉冲控制,使编码的量子态在比特间固有相互作用影响下保持稳定.我们给出了一维比特串结构的量子计算机模型,每个计算单元内包括三个逻辑比特,每个逻辑比特采用不同的脉冲控制保护量子比特态的稳定.通过调节控制脉冲,有顺序的"打开"不同的相互作用,可以得到普适的逻辑门组,从而实现了可扩展、容错的普适量子计算机.     

可扩展的容错量子计算

消相干是量子计算机的物理实现所面临的一个主要的障碍.在现存的消相干物理因素无法消除的情况下,采用量子编码可以部分地克服这一障碍.但是,为了实现大规模的可扩展的量子计算,用于做容错计算的编码空间也应相应地能够被级联、扩展.我们考虑在某些具有局域噪声行为的系统中,如何级联它们的编码空间,实施容错的量子计算.具体而言,我们提出了"无相互作用子空间"的编码思想,将该思想与"无消相干子空间"量子编码的思想相结合,我们提出了不需要逻辑开关的可扩展的容错量子计算方案.另外,针对实际的物理系统,我们构造了在约瑟芬结电荷qubit系统的可扩展容错量子计算方案.     

量子计算的进展和展望

该文主要介绍了量子计算机研究的历史和现状.强调发展大规模的量子计算和实现强关联多体系统的量子模拟,是当前量子计算研究的主流.文章主体部分主要介绍了量子计算机硬件研究方面的进展,主要聚焦于几个具有qubit可集成性的量子系统:量子点系统、超导约瑟夫森结系统、离于阱系统、腔量子电动力学系统,作为实现量子计算机的最主要的候选系统,上述方向的研究吸引了国际上研究量子计算的最主要的力量.我们调研了在这些系统中,在qubit表征,操控方面最具代表性的进展,以及在实现大规模量子计算道路上的困难,和可能的解决办法.