Image reconstruction tomography with only a method for laminar optical single Monte-Carlo simulation

Laminar optical tomography （LOT） is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo （MC） methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC （pMC） for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression （TT＆TVR） based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest （ROI） is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X - Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 × 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.     

创造性思维训练在物理实验教学中的实践

第三次全国教育工作会议以来，创新能力与实践能力的培养越来越成为物理教学的重点与趋势．21世纪对人才的要求，也需要有创造力、协作能力和团队精神等科学素质．物理实验是培养学生科学素质的最有效途径，也是培养学生创造力与创造性思维的最佳途径．在获得诺贝尔物理学奖的物理     

声束在固体中的聚焦及其在声成像中的应用

本文主要研究表面换能器阵列在固体中产生的聚焦及轴上焦场的情形,讨论各级次焦点处场的值与条宽阵元的关系.用数值计算求出某一频率时不同的阵元宽度的焦场分布,并从实用角度出发,讨论将这种聚焦用于无损检测和成像时,横向和纵向分辨率等问题,为了进一步说明理论,做了一些探索性的实验。     

Bounce-Averaged Acceleration of Energetic Electrons by Whistler Mode Chorus in the Magnetosphere

We construct the bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients and study the bounce-averaged acceleration for energetic electrons in gyroresonance with whistler mode chorus. Numerical calculations have been performed for a band of chorus frequency distributed over a standard Gaussian spectrum specifically in the region near L = 4.5, where peaks of the electron phase space density occur. It is found that whistler mode chorus can efficiently accelerate electrons and can increase the phase space density at energies of about 1 MeV by more than one order of magnitude about one day, in agreement with the satellite observations during the recovery phase of magnetic storms.     

实验数据中的坏值及剔除方法

本文对实验得出的数据采用数理统计的方法进行判断,确定测试结果的正确性;对测试结果出现的坏值应给予剔除。     

甲烷湍流射流火焰锋面结构的激光PLIF测量

利用OH-PLIF技术,研究了甲烷空气预混射流火焰,在不同出口雷诺数下,不同氮气稀释比例下火焰OH自由基的二维分布以及火焰的前锋面结构特性,以此实现对柔和燃烧的基础特性研究。实验结果显示,在获得大量氮气稀释后,预混火焰的OH浓度峰值减少了30%以上,并且整个燃烧反应明显延迟,但火焰面面密度没有发生明显变化。同时发现,改变出口雷诺数对火焰OH浓度影响较小,但是增加出口雷诺数可以扩大燃烧反应区。     

高In组分InGaNAs/GaAs量子阱的生长及发光特性

采用分子束外延技术(MBE)在Ga As衬底上外延生长高In组分(40%)In Ga NAs/Ga As量子阱材料,工作波长覆盖1.3~1.55μm光纤通信波段。利用室温光致发光(PL)光谱研究了N原子并入的生长机制和In Ga NAs/Ga As量子阱的生长特性。结果表明:N组分增加会引入大量非辐射复合中心;随着生长温度从480℃升高到580℃,N摩尔分数从2%迅速下降到0.2%;N并入组分几乎不受In组分和As压的影响,黏附系数接近1;生长温度在410℃、Ⅴ/Ⅲ束流比在25左右时,In_(0.4)Ga_(0.6)N_(0.01)As_(0.99)/Ga As量子阱PL发光强度最大,缺陷和位错最少;高生长速率可以获得较短的表面迁移长度和较好的晶体质量。     

多频多色光谱角色散束匀滑新方案

典型的光谱角色散技术中,由于光束带宽受限于高效三倍频,因而无法通过增大带宽来进一步改善焦斑均匀性.结合对四色打靶方案和多级相位调制技术的综合分析,提出了多频、多色光谱角色散束匀滑新方案.该方案能在保持高效三倍频基础上,获得带宽有所加宽,光谱包络近似连续的光源,且在远场匀滑上具有更为独特的优势.结果表明,采用束匀滑新方案后,虽然焦斑会有所增大,但其均匀性却得到明显改善;与典型的束匀滑方案相比,该方案能更为有效地抑制热斑,且达到最佳匀滑效果所需的时间有所减短.此外,通过对阵列光栅中子光栅刻线方向的自由组合可以实现多维光谱角色散的效果.     

A diode laser spectrometer at 634nm and absolute frequency measurements using optical frequency comb

This paper reports that two identical external-cavity-diode-laser (ECDL) based spectrometers are constructed at 634 nm referencing on the hyperfine B-X transition R(80)8-4 of ¹²⁷I₂. The lasers are stabilized on the Doppler-free absorption signals using the third-harmonic detection technique. The instability of the stabilized laser is measured to be 2.8×10^-12 (after 1000 s) by counting the beat note between the two lasers. The absolute optical frequency of the transition is, for the first time, determined to be 472851936189.5 kHz by using an optical frequency comb referenced on the microwave caesium atomic clock. The uncertainty of the measurement is less than 4.9 kHz.     

基于水解活性的Zn2+荧光探针

合成了一种新颖的锌离子荧光探针N’(2-羟基苄基)-4-(2-羟基苯亚甲基胺)-苯甲酰肼(HHB),该探针本身的荧光较弱,但当它与Zn²⁺配位时荧光增强,在475 nm处产生一较宽的发射光谱,量子产率f=0.59 (λ_ex=370 nm)。该化合物对Zn²⁺具有良好的选择性能,环境生物体系中大量存在的碱金属和碱土金属离子K⁺,Na⁺,Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺以及过渡金属离子Mn²⁺,Co²⁺,Ni²⁺ 和 Cu²⁺ 等对Zn²⁺的检测没有明显影响。在生命体系的pH值范围(6.8~7.7),配合物HHB显示出对Zn²⁺检测较高的灵敏度。作为比较文中还研究了HHB水解的主要产物4-氨基苄腙-水杨醛(HB)对Zn²⁺的识别与传感性能。