研究塑性有机固体的1H NMR方法

塑性有机固体的＾１Ｈ ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ谱通常由一高分辨谱与一宽线谱组成，其中高分辨谱分量对应于塑性相，而宽线谱分量对应于刚性相。长延迟回波－ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ实验可测得塑性相的高分辨谱，ＣＲＡＭＰＳ方法可测得整个固体＾１Ｈ体系的高分辨谱，常温下它往往以刚性相的贡献为主要成分。实验结果表明，结合＾１Ｈ ＭＡＳ、回波－ＭＡＳ与ＣＲＡＭＰＳ等三种固态高分辨＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ技术可望成为深入研究塑性有机固体中塑性相     

Depinning dynamics of driven colloids with random pinning： a numerical study

Using Langevin simulations, we have investigated numerically the depinning dynamics of driven two-dimensional colloids subject to the randomly distributed point-like pinning centres. With increasing strength of pinning, we find a crossover from elastic to plastic depinnings, accompanied by an order to disorder transition of state and a substantial increase in the depinning force. In the elastic regime, no peaks are found in the differential curves of the velocity－force dependence (VFD) and the transverse motion is almost none. In addition, the scaling relationship between velocity and force is found to be valid above depinning. However, when one enters the plastic regime, a peak appears in the differential curves of VFD and transverse diffusion occurs above depinning. Furthermore, history dependence is found in the plastic regime.     

辊速辊温对高密度聚乙烯拉伸微孔膜及其片晶结构的影响

采用熔融挤出片材—退火—冷拉伸—热拉伸—热定形的方法来制备高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)微孔膜,利用FTIR、SEM和DSC等测试方法来研究辊速辊温对HDPE拉伸微孔膜及其片晶结构的影响.研究结果表明,所选树脂的分子量、分子量分布以及弛豫时间能够满足现有加工条件,形成片晶取向度较高的预制膜;在相同辊温下,随辊速增加,退火前预...     

化学衍生化技术及其在质谱成像中的应用进展

近年来,随着质谱成像(mass spectrometry imaging, MSI)技术的不断发展与完善,众多基于MSI的分析策略已被广泛应用于生物内/外源分子原位、定性、定量可视化研究,其中又以基质辅助激光解析电离质谱成像(matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization MSI, MALDI-MSI)和DESI-MSI(desorption electrospray ionization MSI)最为常用.相较于传统分子影像方法, MSI技术具有高灵敏、高通量、无需标记等优点,但仍存在一些不足,尤其在低极性、难电离中性分子原位分析中短板明显.针对这一难题,化学衍生化技术的发展与应用已成为极其重要的手段之一.本文系统性地综述了多种化学衍生化技术,如酯化衍生化、酰化衍生化、加成衍生化、取代衍生化、氧化衍生化及其他衍生化技术,在MALDI-MSI及DESI-MSI分子表征中的应用进展.可以预见,化学衍生化技术的不断发展与完善将进一步拓展MSI技术在原位代谢组学、原位脂质组学、原位蛋白质组学、原位糖组学等领域的应用范围.     

对颗粒物质运动的一致性进行控制的随机力场

在颗粒流的研究中引入了一个正态分布的随机力场, 并通过计算机模拟研究了该力场对均匀颗粒流的影响. 结果发现: 随机力场基本上不改变均匀颗粒流的平均密度和速度, 对颗粒流密度的涨落也影响很小. 随机力场对均匀颗粒流的影响主要体现在它可提高速度的涨落, 它与颗粒体系的耗散性质相抗衡, 使颗粒流维持一定的波动能量. 研究结果还显示: 通过随机力场所获得的波动能量并没有均匀分布到各个自由度上, 由于颗粒体系的耗散性质颗粒体系难以达到能均分状态. 关键词： 颗粒物质 随机力 分子动力学模拟     

Diode-pumped self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG laser with 7-W average output power

We report a diode-pumped self-Q-switched 1064-nm Cr,Nd：YAG of 16-18 ns. The maximum average output power up to 7 W, 3370, is obtained in a simple and compact linear cavity by using transmittance of 1570. The laser operates at TEM00 mode with a laser with pulse duration in the range corresponding to a slope efficiency of a plane-concave output coupler with a pump power of 14.2 W.     

Ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics and the quantum nature of hydrogen bonds

The hydrogen bond(HB) is an important type of intermolecular interaction, which is generally weak, ubiquitous,and essential to life on earth. The small mass of hydrogen means that many properties of HBs are quantum mechanical in nature. In recent years, because of the development of computer simulation methods and computational power, the influence of nuclear quantum effects(NQEs) on the structural and energetic properties of some hydrogen bonded systems has been intensively studied. Here, we present a review of these studies by focussing on the explanation of the principles underlying the simulation methods, i.e., the ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. Its extension in combination with the thermodynamic integration method for the calculation of free energies will also be introduced. We use two examples to show how this influence of NQEs in realistic systems is simulated in practice.     

固态反应制备纳米钙钛矿型物质及其反应机理

以TiCl₄和碱土金属氢氧化物为原料, 采用低温固态反应合成了钙钛矿纳米晶. 首先, TiCl₄水解制备高活性TiO₂•H₂O (H₂TiO₃), 再分别与碱土金属氢氧化物按物质的量比1∶1均匀混合研磨1 h后, 在一定温度下反应. XRD分析显示产物均为钙钛矿型物质. TEM形貌观察, 粒子均匀, 分散性较好, 平均粒径小于80 nm. 通过对不同反应温度和反应时间产物的XRD分析推断出了化学反应为该低温固态反应速度控制步骤, 并分析了影响反应温度的可能因素.     

弯曲氧化锌微米线微腔中的回音壁模

本文用微区共聚焦荧光光学显微镜在垂直于氧化锌微米线c轴的方向测量微米线上不同位置的光谱,通过对比直的和弯曲的微米线上TE和TM偏振的光谱,观察到了弯曲氧化锌微米线中不同位置的回音壁模式的移动,其机理是在弯曲应力作用下激子能级发生了移动,带边附近的介电常数也随之变化,导致微腔中的回音壁模式发生移动.